第一课时
Lesson one

Short + Conversations: [短对话]

1． (An outline of the Conversation) [短对话梗概]
善良的Whittaker (Whit)乐于助人。他想通过把下一周举办成“同情周”（‘Compassion Week’）来展示爱（love）和同情（compassion）。为了调动三个女孩子参与的积极性，Whit故意把这次见面搞得很神秘（keep the three girls in suspense）。女孩子们原以为是来聚餐（have lunch），这时，Whit才对她们说出本意，原来是希望她们帮助募捐（raise money），为那些无家可归的人（the homeless）送去温暖。

2． (A Detailed Explanation of the Conversation) [短对话评解]

(the homeless)
[the + adj.] [人]
homeless adj. [例]:：a homeless person
the + homeless 复数，无家可归之人
[例]:：The homeless sometimes [have to ] sleep in the streets.
[例]:：The resort is crowded with the rich and famous in winter.
[例]:：She gives a lot of money to the poor.
(Hi) 是美国人之间用来打招呼的很随意的说法。当别人用“hi”来招呼你的时候，回答通常也是“hi”。
[例]:：Hi, Victor. 回答：Hi, Betty.
[例]:：Hi Hi, thanks for coming.
[例]:：Hi, how are you doing?
比“hi”更正式的问候语有这样一些，当与人初次见面或在会议、会谈等重要场合，应选用如下说法：

1. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
2. How nice to see you.
3. Hello, Victor.
4. How are you?

比“hi”更随意的问候语有这样一些，与熟人打招呼时使用：

1. What's happening?
2. What's new?
3. How are you doing?
4. What's up?
5. Long time, no see.

(thanks) 美语中表示“感谢”对方的说法有不少，最常用的是“thank you”，而习惯的搭配是[thank you for ...]，由于“for”是介词，它的后面应当用名词性成份，如果要用动词，其后必需加“ing”来把动词名词化。
动名词
[例]:：Thank you for coming.
[例]:：Thank you for calling.
[例]:：Thank you for helping me.

名词
[例]:：Thank you for the book.
[例]:：Thank you for the gift.
[例]:：Thank you for the information.

而口语中较随意的说法是：“thanks”。
[例]:：Thanks for bringing my bag.
[例]:：Thanks for coming.
[例]:：Thanks for the ride.

这里的“thanks”仍为动词。当然，它也可用作名词，这时，它后面不接“for”：
[例]:：Thanks a lot.
[例]:：Many thanks.
[例]:：Thanks a bunch.

* 提醒：thanks + to这一短语的意思是“because of”，“由于”，“因为”。
[例]:：Thanks (to) her help, I found my keys.

(hey) 美语用来表示吃惊（surprise），愉悦（pleasure），或有疑问（questing）的语气词：
[例]:：Hey, you guys, wait for me!
[例]:：Hey, that my bike!
"hey"也常用来引起他人的注意（get attention），相当于汉语的“ι”，“嘿”。
[例]:：Hey! Come see my new car!
[例]:：Hey! I've got a girlfriend.
"hey"的第三个用法是与极熟的人打招呼，相当于说hello, hi ：
[例]:：Hey, Victor.
[例]:：Hey! How's it going?
[例]:：Hey! What's up?

(church ) 基督教徒聚在一起进行祈祷的建筑物，（教室）：
[例]:：We came to a church and went inside to sit and enjoy the quiet.
这个词还用来表示“教会”或“教徒的聚会”：
[例]:：I'll see you after church.
[例]:：（见课文）：Line 4/P2：since church就是这个意思。

（文化）churchyard指教堂四周埋葬死人的地方，教堂的墓地。
经常上教堂的人：churchgoer/churchgoers
相关的：庙/寺：temple；清真寺：mosque

(pin)：大头针，别针。也指衣服的装饰用针。
[例]:：to wear a beautiful gold pin one the coat.

(needle)：缝衣的针，医院手术后缝线的针，医生注射用的针，往往指带针眼的。
[例]:：to thread a needle for sb.
汉语有“大海捞针”一说，英文正好用needle一词。
[例]:：a needle in a haystack.

(pins and needles)：指久生δ动，手脚像针扎一样麻木的感觉（get ）
[例]:：May I sit down? I've got pins and needles in my legs after standing here for such a long time.
(get on pins and needles)：忧虑，焦灼不安。
[例]:：Don't keep your girlfriend on pins and needles, give her a call immediately. （着急）

（引伸）：pin极少，美语口语形容出奇的安静，鸦雀无声，会这说，you can hear a pin drop.
[例]:：When her ex-husband walked in, you could hear a pin drop.
[例]:：It's so quiet you can hear a pin drop.
pin和needle作动词时，口语中也有常用的说法
pin sb. down to ... （源于把…钉牢）带某人做出决定或选择
[例]:：You should try to pin him down to his promise.
你应该设方让他不得不履行承诺。

needle sb. about ... （故意地）说些不中听的话刺激对方，（用话）挑逗对方，惹对方发作。
[例]:：John always needles Bob about his lack of guts.
用话激…，说他胆子小。
pin sth. down：发现或找到了某件事情的细节
[例]:：The detective finally pinned down the identity of the killer.
搞清楚了…

(figure)口语中表示期待、相信、设想某事会发生，一般后接that引导：
[例]:：I figured that you'd want to go swimming.
课文中省略that常是口语表达法，不过，省略前面的动词常是say, deny, think, feel, hope, fear等动词，且句子要短。
[例]:：He thought she had already gone.
figure out这一短语极常用，表示解决，破译，找出，发现等意思。
[例]:：Let me try to figure out this puzzle.
我来试试找出谜底是什。

(whet)过去式：(whetted)，最早指把刀磨锋利，to whet a knife = to sharpen a knife；引伸来表示刺激，增强欲望等，后面搭配的词常是：appetite和interest等。
[例]:：The smell of roast duck really whets my appetite.
[例]:：The speaker whetted my interest enough that I bought the book.

(so to speak)补充语，用于句β，也作为插入语用于句中。表示某事某种程度上是真的，相当于汉语的“可以这说吧”，“算是…吧”，“恕我直言”等。

(either)：两种发言都可接受。这里的either是用于句β表示否定意义的副词，相当于汉语的“也不”。表达“也”这样的肯定意义时用“too”。
[例]:：He is not a party animal, and I am not either.
好凑热闹的人

(huh)口语常用来表示提问的语气词，也可表示：吃惊，不屑一顾或无所ν。
[例]:：Huh? What did you say? 相当于：What?
[例]:：Huh? I don't give a damn.

(pastor)：主管牧师，牧师常用的两个词还有minister和priest

(preach)：尽管常用来表示教会的“布道”，“传教”等，在日常口语也常引伸来表示极力地倡导、灌输、劝诱，希望他人接受
[例]:：Should they be allowed to preach hatred?
诱导人们充满仇恨
[例]:：We should preach tolerance of others.
倡导对别人宽容

(compassion)：同情、怜悯；不用复数，和pity, sympathy 相比，它更强调要帮助不幸之人。搭配有：have ~ for / feel ~ for/ in (wite) compassion
[例]:：The nurse has compassion for the sick patient.
[例]:：She looked at him in compassion.怜悯的看着他

(extend)表示给予，相当于give, offer，常与thanks, good wishes, compassion, condolences
[例]:：I'd like to extend my thanks to everybody for making this evening a success.
[例]:：Victor extended his good wishes to the newly married couple.
[例]:：We'd like to extend our condolences to the family.

(shelter)：有顶的遮盖物，躲避处
吃、住：food, shelter
衣、食、住：food, clothing and shelter
衣、食、住、行：food, clothing, shelter and transportation
衣、食、住、行：basic necessities of life
（动词） [例]: The city foods, clothes, and shelters the orphans（孤儿）.

（come up with）想到一个主意或计划，搭配有:[idea, plan proposal, solution， way] 等.

（in need）指人在food, clothing, and housing 等生活必需品方面的要求,所以它的用法"人"后面+in need.
课文中: those in need, 非常口语的说法,省略了"who are"
[例]: Contribute some money for those who are in need.
[例]: The charity works with old people who are in need

（help out）:遇到困难问题时，口语中表达请求帮助，常用help out, 相当于“帮帮啦”比如你在填猜字迷（word puzzle），你不得解，这时你可以说：
[例]:If you are so good, please help me out.

（because of）介词短语，后面应跟名词
[例]:I stayed home because of illness.

（talent）
①天生的能力，可数名词，可用单也可用复数
[例]:Jessica has quite a talent for music.
[例]:His talents are being wasted in that job.
②在口语中也常指专业人才，人才，特别指娱乐业方面，不用复数形式，但可使用定冠词：the talent.
[例]:Good talent is hard to find unless you go through an agent.

（help）对某人来说，做事可以变得可能或更容易，常用[help to]
[例]:Avoiding fatty foods and salt can help to bring down your blood pressure.
协助，帮助某人做某事，则用[help do]，如课文的例子：“help raise money”小说 help to raise money.
[例]:I can help organize these shoes. 相当“我可以帮你来”。
[例]:Mike can help load the truck.相当“Mike可以帮我的”。
如果主语不是人，而是物，并且表示的是有助或有利于改善某种艰难的或痛苦的情形，也要用 [help do]
[例]: Aspirin will help relieve the pain.

（count on）rely on/depend on 信赖、靠得住、搭配：[～ sb. to do]
[例]: You can count on me to help.
[例]: I can count on Victor to get the job done.
③翻译一遍短对话。
④听一遍音。

第二课时

Long conversations 长对话
（0）梗概：男女之间的约会。Laura总是迟到。Victor 很不高兴。说好了去看电影，可Laura又见到时装情不自禁。电影误了，Laura再三恳求下Victor答应去跳舞。Laura 精心打扮一番后，Victor却按约定的时间到来。Laura以为Victor小心眼有意涮她一次，恼怒之中只好御下打扮，准备睡觉，这时Victor敲门了……
①听一遍音
②看课文跟读
③详解：

（cut it）口语中常和否定式连用表示有达到要求，不能令人满意这个意思。
[例]:This sloppy(马马虎虎) work just doesn't cut it in our company.（不合格，不可接受）
请不要和（cut it out）相混，住口、住手
[例]:You're talking nonsense again. Cut it out!
[例]:—Why，I think you have a crush on Jane!
—Cut it out!别瞎说。

（be supposed to）口语中十分常用，supposed 是形容词。口语中有以下四种问法值得注意。
1、表示“有……意图”或“按照想象应该”→（照理应该）
[例]:a medicine that is supposed to relieve pain
2、表示“按要求约定应当……”如果课文中的例子（本该、本应当）
[例]:She's supposed to do at school.
3、表示“许可、允许”， →（不能）
[例]:You're not supposed to smoke in here.
4、表示“相信的，期待中的” →（被认为、被相信是）
[例]:You're supposed to be my best friend.
我视你为…

（now）单独用时表示强调引起人的注意，命令，转话题
[例]:Now, who wants to go to the beach?
[例]:Now, where did I put my stapler?
口语中安ο别人，会说“now, now”两个词，相当于汉语的“好了，好了”。
[例]:Now, now, don't cry.
课文中的意思是：“好了，好了……”
另外：[now + that]在口语经常出现，连接词：“因为”，“由于”
[例]:Now that I live only a few blocks from work, I walk to work and enjoy it.
[例]:Now that it's dart out, I'd better go home.
[例]:Now that you've broken it, you'd better fix it.
[例]:Now that spring is here, we can expert milder weather

（get）表示“理解”、“明白”，[get the message]明白用意，[get the point]明白意思是什。
[例]:I didn't get what he said.
[例]:I got you!
[例]:You got it! 完全正确，我完全同意你的说法。

（check out）
1、表示leave，旅馆，住完饭店后办手续离开
[例]:We have to check out early tomorrow morning to catch the first plane back to Beijing.
the checkout time (is)离后时间
2、表示商店超市付钱，图书馆借出书时用，
[例]:I was checking out my groceries when I remembered that I hadn't gotten any yogurt.
at the checkout/ checkout counter付款台（商店，超市等）图书被借出去的地方。
3、表示“看看是否属实”，“证实”，“验证一下”（课文）——[check sb. / sth. out]
[例]:It sounds goods, I'll check it out.

(hold it!) “制止”，“停下来不要继续……”，相当于：“别动”，“慢”
[例]:—Hold it!
—What's wrong?
—You almost stepped on my contact lens.

（no way）坚决拒绝；决不；门儿；戏；下辈子吧！
[例]:—Will you take my TOEFL test for me?
—No way! 我才不干呢！
[例]:—Marry him? 嫁给他
—No way! 下辈子吧！

（try on）表示“试衣服”，（课文）try on every dress 件都试
[例]: Try on those shoes. 试鞋合不合脚。
[例]:Try on those uniforms for size.

试衣间 fitting room
for me
正 好 That fits me well.

(peek) 瞄一眼，后常用[at] [peek at …]
用peek常含有不该看而偷偷看的意思，这里是表示快瞄一眼。

(fashion) 指穿着或行为方面的“时尚”，不用复数。
[例]: Fashion has never interested me. I Want comfort.
以复数出现时[fashions]专指衣服的设计和样式:
[例]: I have a decent job, so I can afford to buy the latest fashions.
与fashions相搭配的形容词有： new ，latest等。

(finished) adj. 1．完成了,做完了 I'm finished. 相当于I'm done. 这个意思与说: I have finished 一致.
2．完结了,完蛋了,被毁了 sb.'s career is finished 断送了前途,仕途
I'm finished! 我这下可完了!

(catch) 除表示“抓住”以外口语常表达“按时赶上”…
[例]: to catch the 6:30 train
[例]: to catch the last show

(pick sb. up) 用车接某人 [drop sb. off]用车把…送到某地
[例]: Who's going to pick me up at the airport?
[例]: My wife is waiting for me now. I can only drop you off somewhere on my way back home.

(make it)—成功,达到目地
[例]: If you don't study hard, you'll never make it!
[例]: I made it!

(who does he think he is) 常表示愤怒时,对一个人傲慢无礼不屑一顾, 他别自以为是了!
[例]: Who do you think you are? You can't talk to me that way!
接近的口语:
[例]: Who do you think you're kidding? 你在哄谁?
[例]: Who do you think you're talking to? 你知道你再跟谁说话吗? 你怎可以这对我讲话?

(awesome) 棒极了
[例]: Your new haircut is awesome. 真棒.
[例]: You got straight A's this semester. That's an awesome a chievemen. 真令人赞叹!

(hot)—生气,愤怒. [I'm hot!] 我生气了!
英语: 急燥的脾气 hot temper
[例]: Bill has a hot temper and gets angry a lot.
脾气太爆 动不动就发火

(stand up) 说来来
[例]: I didn't mean to stand you up last night, but I was caught in traffic.

(change into) 换衣服,改穿… 课文: 换成舒服的衣服准备睡觉
[例]: I'll just change into sth. a little dressier. 考究一点的.

习语篇：在日常生活中比较习惯用的说法，美语就会特别地道， 可以增进我们的听力、理解力。
go places:
[例]:Wow, did you see the new guy on the basketball team today at practice?
[例]: Yeah, he's a new student here. [例]: He is really an amazing athlete.
很棒的: amazing [例]: He can shoot the ball from far outside the 3-point line or dribble it into the hoop and
dunk the ball.
三分线:3-point line 以外远投:shoot the ball
突破上篮:dribble it into the hoop 灌篮: dunk
[例]:He plays defense really well, too.
防守lay defense
[例]:He blocked ten shots during practice.
阻挡: block
[例]:That kid is really going places.
[例]:I know, he is definitely going to be asuccessful basketball player.
[例]:He'll probably make it into the NBA someday.

be the teacher's pet: to be the teacher's favorite student
[例]:You know, Sue, I really don't think it's fair how I always raise my hand in chemistry class to answer questions,but the teacher never calls on me.
举手:raise hand
[例]: Ms. Brown always chooses Sally to help her with demonstrations and answer homework questions.
演示:demonstrations
[例]: Come on Mary ! Everyone knows Sally is the teacher's pet. In every class I have had with her, she is always the teachers' favorite student.
别这样:come 忍受:have had with [例]: I know, but it's not fair! The teachers should try to get more students
involved with the class instead of just calling on their favorite student.
参加到课堂中来: get …involved with
get one's foot in the door: 表示达到了一个令自己比较满意的地步。
[例]:John, do you happen to know anyone who works at any big book publishing companies in New York? 出版公司 :book publishing [例]:Hmmm , I'm not sure if I do.
Why? What do you need?
不太清楚:not sure if

第三课时
be the teacher's pet: to be the teacher's favorite student
[例]:You know, Sue, I really don't think it's fair how I always raise my hand in chemistry class to answer questions,but the teacher never calls on me.
举手:raise hand
[例]: Ms. Brown always chooses Sally to help her with demonstrations and answer homework questions.
演示:demonstrations
[例]: Come on Mary ! Everyone knows Sally is the teacher's pet. In every class I have had with her, she is always the teachers' favorite student.
别这样:come 忍受:have had with [例]: I know, but it's not fair! The teachers should try to get more students involved with the
class instead of just calling on their favorite student.
参加到课堂中来: get …involved with

get one's foot in the door: 表示达到了一个令自己比较满意的地步。
[例]:John, do you happen to know anyone who works at any big book publishing companies in New York? 出版公司 :book publishing
[例]:-Hmmm , I'm not sure if I do.
-Why? What do you need?
不太清楚:not sure if

see eye to eye: 表示双方对问题的看法是一致的。
[例]: I don't understand，Tom，how can you vote for Mr. Jones for the company's CEO instead of Mr. Richards?
[例]: Well，I'm a good friend of Mr. Jones' and I want to see himbecome successful.
[例]:But Mr. Richards is far more qualified for the job. Everyone knows that. I guess we just don't see eye to eye on this issue. We are just going to have to disagree.
far more：强调远远超出胜任这个层次。
have to：不得不，只好

rub salt into the wound
put one's best foot forward
g et one's ducks in a row

？