Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔·门多萨

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as ‘prizefighters’. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡100 for a single appear ance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
New Words and Expressions生词和短语
boxing (1. 1) /'b&ksiR/ n. 拳击
adore (1. 10) /+'d&:/ v. 崇拜，爱戴
boxer (1. 2) /'b&ks+/ n. 拳击手
alike (1. 10) /+'laik/ adv. 一样地
bare (1. 2) /be+/ adj. 赤裸的
fame (1. 11) /feim/ n. 名声
prizefighter (1. 3) /'praizfait+/ n.职业拳出手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
eminent (1. 12) /'emin+nt/ adj. 著名的，杰出的
bitterly (1. 14) /'bit+li/ adv. 厉害地
crude (1. 4) /kru:d/ adj. 粗野的
bet (1. 15) /bet/ (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌
marquis (1. 7) /'ma:kwis/ n. 侯爵
academy (1. 18) /+'k$d+mi/ n. 专业学校
technically (1. 8) /'teknikli/ adv. 严格根据法律意义地
extravagant (1. 20) /ik'str$v+g+nt/ adj. 浪费的，奢侈
science (1. 9) /'sai+ns/ n. 科学的
popularity (1. 10) /?p&pju'l$riti/ n. 名望
poverty (1. 22) /'p&v+ti/ n. 贫困
Notes on the text课文注释
1 they were known as ‘prizefighters’，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。 be known as…，被称作……。
2 until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules中，以when引导的从句是定语从句，修饰前面的年代 1860年。draw up是“制定”、“草拟”的意思。a set of，一套。 Marquis of Queensberry，昆斯伯里侯爵，是指第8位昆斯伯里侯爵约翰·修托·道格拉斯（1844—1900），苏格兰贵族。他制定的“昆斯伯里规则”至今仍是拳击的比赛规则。
3 change…into…，把……变成……，bring…to…，把……引进……。
4 in his day，在他的全盛时期。
day此处指“幸运或顺利的时期”。
5 He was adored by rich and poor alike. 人们不论贫富都很崇拜他。
rich and poor是固定词组，意为富人和穷人。有的形容词可用作名词，但前面要加the。
6 rise to fame，成名。
7 Humphries turned against him，汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
8 at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引导的从句作Stilton的定语。
9 bet on…，在……上押（赌金）。
10 It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries…这是一个it的强调句。被强调的部分not until his third match in 1790放在It was之后，句子的其他部分放在引导词that之后。
11 be in debt，负债。
参考译文
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔·门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他崇拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加了一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起了当时英国拳坛名将理查德·汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败了汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就可多达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被人遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
Comprehension理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Why were boxers known as‘prizefighters’ two hundred years ago?
2 Why was boxing very crude in those days?
3 What was Mendoza's chief contribution to boxing?
Vocabulary词汇
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: bare (1. 2); injured (1. 5); drew up (1. 8): crude (1. 9); enjoyed tremendous popularity (11. 9-10); adored (1. 10); alike (1. 10).
Summary writing摘要写作
In not more than 80 words write a brief account of Mendoza's career from the time he quarrelled with Humphries. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Composition作文
In not more than 250 words, write an imaginary account of the first fight between Mendoza and Humphries.
Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.
Ideas: The quarrel ---- Mendoza and Humphries: bets from supporters ---- atmosphere just before the fight ---- the fight itself ---- Mendoza's defeat ---- effect on him and his supporters.
Letter writing书信写作
On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:
The address and date; the beginning of the letter; the Introduction; the Purpose; the Conclusion; the letter-ending; the signature; the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas.
Key structuresandSpecial difficulties关键句型和难点
Exercises 练习
1 Boxing marches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. (11. 1-2) Write two sentences using the words ago and before. (IKS 38) （参见第2册第38课关键句型b）
2 … a prizefighter could be seriously injured (11. 4-5). Write two sentences using could and was able to. (IKS 43c) （参见第2册第43课关键句型c）
3 The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860. (1. 7) Write a sentence using the construction not … until. (IKS 9d) （参见第2册第9课关键句型d）
4 He was adored by rich and poor alike. (1. 10) Note the use of by in this sentence. Write two sentences using by in the same way. (IKS 34) （参见第2册第34课关键句型）
5 Mendoza rose to fame. (1. 11) Write two sentences illustrating the use of rose and raised. (ISD 51a) （参见第2册第51课难点a）
6 … his young pupil was quick to learn. (1. 13) Write two sentences using the following: pleased to and sorry to. (ISD 13) （参见第13课难点）
7 it was clear. (1. 14) Write three sentences bringing out the different meanings of the word clear. Write a sentence using the word clean. (ISD 81c) （参见第2册第81课难点c）
8 He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts. (1. 21) Note the form of the verb fail here. Write sentences using a verb after each of the following: afraid of; without; apologize for; congratulate on. (IKS 20) （参见第2册第20课关键句型）
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because ______ .
a．he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b．for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c．he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza's early fame
d．he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2 At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton ______ .
a．Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b．after an hour's fighting Humphries became champion of England
c．Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d．the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3 Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza ______ .
a．earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b．earned so much money that he became a rich man
c．greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d．was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
Structure 结构
4 In those days, ______ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money. (11. 2-3)
a．they called boxers
b．boxers called
c．boxers being called
d．they were called boxers
5 A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or ______ during a … (11. 4-5)
a．even be killed
b．be even killed
c．even killed
d．was even killed
6 Mendoza ______ boxing into a sport. (11. 8-9)
a．was much changed by
b．did a great deal to change
c．changed a great deal of
d．much changed
7 He was so extravagant that he ______ people money. (1. 20)
a．always owed to
b．always owed
c．owed always
d．was always owing to
Vocabulary词汇
8 One of the most ______ in boxing history was …(11. 6-7)
a．vivid personalities
b．famous people
c．painted images
d．imaginative characters
9 ---- after a boxing match at the ______ young age of fourteen. (1. 11)
a．marvellously
b．singly
c．exceptionally
d．unequally
10 Mendoza's ______ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (11. 11-12)
a．rise
b．rose
c．raise
d．claim
11 Humphries soon became ______ Mendoza's success. (11. 13-14)
a．jealous of
b．disinterested in
c．revolted by
d．changed by
12 Mendoza finally ______ Humphries and became Champion of England. (11. 17-18)
a．conquered
b．gained
c．won
d．beat

Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza

Listening comprehension
1 Introduce the story
T: Today we'll talk about a famous English prizefighter.
2 Understand the situation
T: What do you think is happening in the picture?
3 Listening objective
T: Listen to the passage (or read it silently) and see if you can answer this question:
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
4 Play the tape or read the story or wait for the students to finish reading silently
5 Answer the question
After the reading, ask the question again: How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Train the students not to shout out the answer. Instead, ask one student, then ask the others to agree or disagree with a show of hands.
Answer: He made two unsuccessful attempts before he beat Richard Humphries to become Champion of all England.
6 Intensive reading
Play the tape or read the text again, pausing after every sentence to check students understand. Obtain brief explanations to difficulties in the text from the students themselves. Only use Chinese if a confirmatory translation is necessary.
7 Play the tape or read the story again
8 Reading aloud
Ask one or two students to read the text aloud.
Comprehension questions
1 When were boxing matches very popular in England? (Two hundred years ago.)
2 In those days, did boxers fight with bare fists for prize money? (Yes, they did.)
3 What were they known as? (‘Prizefighters’.)
4 Why could a boxer be injured or even killed during a match? (Because there were no rules.)
5 When was Daniel Mendoza born? (In 1764.)
6 When were boxing gloves first introduced? (In 1860.)
7 What did the Marquis of Queensberry do? (He drew up the first set of rules.)
8 How did Mendoza change crude prizefighting into a sport? (He brought science to the game.)
9 Was he popular? (Yes, he was.)
10 Did he rise to fame slowly? (No, he didn't. He rose to fame swiftly.)
11 Who offered to train Mendoza? (Richard Humphries.)
12 And who was Richard Humphries? (He was the most eminent boxer in England.)
13 Why did Humphries turn against Mendoza? (Because Mendoza became too successful.)
14 Did the two men quarrel? (Yes, they did.)
15 What was the only way their argument could be settled? (By a fight.)
16 How long did the match last? (For an hour.)
17 How many times did Mendoza lose to Humphries? (Twice.)
18 When did Mendoza beat Humphries to become Champion of England? (In 1790.)
19 Did he become rich and famous? (Yes, he did.)
20 But he was always in debt. Why? (Because he was so extravagant.)
21 When did he die? ---- and where? (He died in 1836 in prison.)
Asking questions: Ask me if…
T: Ask me if boxing matches were popular 200 years ago.
S: Were boxing matches popular 200 years ago?
T: When…
S: When were boxing matches popular?
1 boxing matches were popular 200 years ago. (When)
2 a prizefighter could be killed during a match. (Why)
3 Daniel Mendoza was born in 1764. ( Who)
4 Mendoza brought science to the game. (What)
5 he was tremendously popular in his day. (How popular)
6 Humphries offered to train young Mendoza. (What)
7 the men's argument could only be settled by a fight. (How)
8 Humphries beat Mendoza twice. (How many times )
9 Lord Byron was one of Mendoza's pupils. ( Who)
10 Mendoza was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts. (Why)
Tell us about Mendoza's life from his fourteenth birthday to the time he became Champion of England
1 Mendoza rose to fame ---- boxing match ---- fourteen
2 Attracted attention ----Richard Humphries ---- most eminent boxer in England
3 Offered to train Mendoza ---- pupil quick to learn
4 Mendoza soon so successful ---- turned against him
5 Quarrelled bitterly ---- argument ---- settled by fight
6 Match ---- Stilton ---- fought for an hour
7 Public bet on Mendoza ---- defeated
8 Met Humphries---- later occasion ---- lost second time
9 Third match in 1790 ---- finally beat Humphries ---- became Champion of England
Topics for discussion
1 Tell us about a boxing match or wrestling match that you have seen.
2 What do you know about the history of another sport? When did it start? How long has it been played?
3‘Violent sports like boxing should be banned.’What do you think?
Key to Comprehension
1 Boxers were known as‘prizefighters’two hundred years ago because they fought for prize money.
2 Boxing was very crude in those days because they fought with bare fists, there were no rules, and a boxer could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
3 Mendoza's chief contribution to boxing was to change crude prizefighting into a sport.
Key to Vocabulary
A possible answer
bare (1.2) without gloves
injured (1.5) hurt (physically)
drew up (1.8) prepared and wrote
crude (1.9) basic, rough, not very skilful
enjoyed tremendous
popularity (11.9-10) was extremely popular
adored (1.10) loved and respected
alike (1.10)
(rich) and/as well as (poor), both (rich and poor) in the same way
Key to Summary writing
Points
1 Two men quarrelled ---- settle argument by fight
2 Fight at Stilton ---- an hour ---- Humphries won
3 They met again ---- Mendoza lost again
4 3rd match in 1790 ---- finally beat Humphries ---- Champion of England
5 Founded successful boxing Academy ---- earned a lot of money
6 So extravagant ---- always in debt
7 Finally sent to prison---- died in poverty in 1836
Summary
When the two men quarrelled, they settled the argument by a fight. This took place at Stilton. It lasted an hour and Humphries won. When they met again, Mendoza lost again, but in their third match in 1790,Mendoza finally beat Humphries to become Champion of England. He founded a successful boxing Academy and earned a lot of money, but was so extravagant he was always in debt. He was finally sent to prison and died in poverty in 1836. (80 words)
Key to Composition
A possible answer
The first fight
The first fight between Humphries and his pupil Mendoza, after a quarrel, was held at Stilton and attracted a lot of attention. At the time, Richard Humphries was the most eminent boxer in England and had many supporters. But the young Mendoza had his supporters, too.
The atmosphere before the fight was electric. Half of the people there made bets on Humphries, the other half bet on Mendoza. When the two fighters entered the ring, there was a lot of shouting and cheering.
The referee called both fighters to the middle of the ring, spoke to them and the fight started. At first, both men were very wary. After all, this was a fight between teacher and pupil, so they knew very well what the other could do ---- and they were fighting with bare fists. Each of the boxers fought well for most of the match,but in the end Humphries was too strong and too experienced for the young Mendoza. He knocked him down once: Mendoza got up. He knocked him down again, and although Mendoza tried to get up, he just couldn't.The referee counted ten and that was the end of the match.
When Mendoza got up, he was very angry, but eventually congratulated Humphries. However, his defeat made him determined to go on and fight his teacher again so that he could finally become champion. (229 words)
Key to Letter writing
address:________,
________,
________,
________.
date:
beginning of letter (Dear…,)
Introduction
Purpose
Conclusion
ending (Yours…,)
signature
postscript (PS&hellip
Key structures and Special difficulties
Key to KS and SD exercises
Possible answers
1 I went to the cinema three days ago./I had been to see the same film two days before that.
2 We could not see the game very well./We were able to see it when we stood on a bench.
3 He did not go abroad until he was twenty.
4 She was praised by the newspapers for her work with poor people./He was arrested by the police.
5 When the actor came on stage, the whole audience rose to cheer him./The girl raised her hand to ask a question.
6 We were pleased to hear your news./I was sorry to learn that you had been ill.
7 It is clear to me that they are not interested in the subject./When we set off, it was a beautiful clear day./When the road was clear, he crossed./She always keeps the kitchen very clean.
8 I am afraid of flying./He did the exercise without looking anything up in a dictionary./I must apologize for sending you the wrong book./They congratulated her on passing her exam.
Repetition drill
Word order
Chorus, group or individual repetition
To elicit brief answers to questions and to enable the students to build up complete statements. Students must be familiar with the passage.
T: Drill 21. Listen. Do not speak.
(1) T: Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
T: What were very popular two hundred years ago?
S: Boxing matches.
(2) T: Where were they popular?
S: In England.
(3) T: How long ago were they popular?
S: Two hundred years ago.
(4) T: Boxing matches…
S:Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
T: Now you answer the questions in the same way. Ready?
T: Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
1 As in (1) above.
2 As in (2) above.
3 As in (3) above.
4 As in (4) above.
T: In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
5 T: Did boxers fight with bare fists in the present or in the past?
S: In the past.
6 T: How did boxers fight in those days?
S: With bare fists.
7 T: What did they want to win?
S: Prize money.
8 T: In those days…
S: In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
T:The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
9 T: When were gloves introduced?
S: In 1860.
10 T: Who was responsible for this?
S: The Marquis of Queensberry.
11 T: What did he draw up?
S: The first set of rules.
12 T: The use of gloves…
S: The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
Key to Multiple choice questions
1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 a 6 b
7 b 8 b 9 c 10 a 11 a 12 d