考 试 中 心 最 新 2 套 题
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2008 年考研英语模拟试题一
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Directions:
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Section I Use of English
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Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(10 points)
Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, 1 some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by 2 photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an
underground 3 of fungi(真菌). But in 4 a handfulof these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure
fungus. To find out how 5 are 6 , mycologist Martín Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were 7 of a common type of fungus, so 8 that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only 9 at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.
Plants have 10 relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, 11 plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have 12 a symbiotic relationship with a 13 network of what are called mycorrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest 14 . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and
15 , the plants normally 16 the fungi with sugars, or carbon. With a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps 17 that a few cheaters--dubbed epiparasites--would evolve to beat the system. 18 , these plants reversed the flow
of carbon, 19 it into their roots from the fungi 20 releasing it as "payment."
1.A. but B. if C. because D. though
2. A. for B. with C. to D. without
3. A. realm B. net C. relation D. web
4. A. only B. almost C. virtually D. actually
5. A. others B. the others C. other D. the other
6. A. getting by B. getting on C. getting through D. getting over
7. A. evidences B. pictures C. traces D. tracks
8. A. popular B. common C. ordinary D. widespread
9. A. shows B. denotes C. indicates D. hints
10. A. business B. commercial C. trading D. exchanging
11. A. green B. land C. wild D. grown
12. A. created B. developed C. designed D. formulated
13. A. large B. vast C. great D. big
14. A. floor B. level C. ground D. layer
15. A. in turn B. in fact C. in return D. in the end
16. A. offer B. equip C. help D. provide
17. A. essential B. important C. possible D. inevitable
18. A. in time B. over time C. at times D. behind time
19. A. taking B. grasping C. sucking D. catching
20. A. instead of B. in spite of C. in place of D. by contrast of
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Part A Directions:
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Section II Reading Comprehension
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Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
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Text 1
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Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a
good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace>, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search
for jobs.
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Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers.
Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership
and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought.
The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position
to make informed comparisons between various careers.
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Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for,
job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try
to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities.
When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.
There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing
a good job is to be one of them.
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1. In paragraph 1, 'those days are gone, even in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace>', suggests that:
A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace> than elsewhere
B. nowadays, everyone in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace> has an equal chance of finding a good career
C. it used to be harder to find a good job in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace> than in other countries
D. even in lace w:st="on">Hong Konglace> companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates
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22. According to paragraph 3, job seekers should:
A. aim to give a balanced account of what the employer needs
B. divide the time equally between listening to the interviewer and speaking
C. discuss their own abilities in relation to what the employer is looking for
D. attempt to show the employer they have balanced abilities
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23. According to paragraph 4, graduates should:
A. find a good position and then compare it with other careers
B. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job
C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons
D. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want
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24. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that:
A. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer
B. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer
C. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand
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D. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers
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25. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the final paragraph?
A. graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career
B. determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career
C. the secret to a good career is to possess skills, determination or ability
D. people with the right qualities should be able to find a good career
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Text 2
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The history of modern pollution problems shows that most have resulted from negligence and ignorance. We have an appalling tendency to interfere with nature before all of the possible consequences of our actions have been studied in depth. We produce and distribute radioactive substances, synthetic chemicals and many other potent compounds before fully comprehending their effects on living organisms. Our education is dangerously incomplete.
It will be argued that the purpose of science is to move into unknown territory, to explore, and to discover. It can be said that similar risks have been taken before, and that these risks are necessary to technological progress.
These arguments overlook an important element. In the past, risks taken in the name of scientific progress were restricted to a small place and brief period of time. The effects of the processes we now strive to master are neither localized nor brief. Air pollution covers vast urban areas. Ocean pollutants have been discovered in nearly every part of
the world. Synthetic chemicals spread over huge stretches of forest and farmland may remain in the soil for decades and years to come. Radioactive pollutants will be found in the biosphere for generations. The size and persistence of these problems have grown with the expanding power of modern science.
One might also argue that the hazards of modern pollutants are small compared with the dangers associated with other human activity. No estimate of the actual harm done by smog, fallout, or chemical residues can obscure the reality
that the risks are being taken before being fully understood.
The importance of these issues lies in the failure of science to predict and control human intervention into natural processes. The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.
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26. Which of the following adjectives may best describe the tone of this Text? A. unconcerned B. humorous C. serious D. exaggerated
27. The Text is mainly about________ A. The nature of scientific progress
B. The relationship between the progress of science and pollution
C. Certain factors that harm the circumstance
D. The awareness of our responsibility to environment
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28. The author would most probably agree that the origin of environmental pollution lies in____ A．The indifference to the condition of the environment
B．The lack of the ability to control the progress of science C．The want of fully understanding of the science and nature D．The ignorance of the disposal of pollutants
29. As used in the second sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase “in depth” means____ A．fully and thoroughly
B．distantly and remotely C．seriously and extent D．strongly and unpleasantly
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30. What the people really ignore in the debate is that______
A．the effects of the modern pollutants on the living organisms
B．the situation is quite difference from the past
C．the stress of progress of science to the neglect of environmental protection
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D．the serious consequence followed by the development of science
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Text 3
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Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and
generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do
not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field;
but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently - this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done - is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing,
and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill
off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in
history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets - while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life - nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there
has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past
of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man's civilized past at about seven or eight hours,
we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life
any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life,
and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.
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31.In the first sentence the author says that
A. most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.
B. no one who really helped civilisation forward is mentioned in any history book.
C. history books tell us far more about conquerors and soldiers than about those who helped civilisation forward.
D. conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.
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32.On all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world, we find A．the figure of the same conqueror or general or soldier. B．the figure of some conqueror or general or soldier.
C．a figure reprsenting the number of conquerors, generals or soldiers in that country. D．the figure of a person who helped civilization forward.
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33.In the author's opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are
A．certainly not the greatest in any way. B．neither the greatest nor the most civilized.
C．possibly the most civilized but not the greatest.
D．possibly the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.
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34."From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed." The author says this in order to show that
A．very young children are not civilised.
B．evolution does not help civilization forward.
C．human beings are still at the beginning of their life on earth. D．human beings have learnt very little in a very long time.
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35."We must not expect even civilized people not to have doen these things." This suggests that
A．those who have done nay fighting and bullying cannot be considered civilized. B．there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some fighting and bullying.
C．even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying. D．civilized people have never done any fighting and bullying.
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Text 4
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Plato asked “What is man?” and lace w:st="on">St Augustinelace> asked “Who am I?” A new breed of criminals has a novel answer: “I
am you!” Although impostors have existed for ages, the growing frequency and cost of identity theft is worrisome. Around
10m Americans are victims annually, and it is the leading consumer-fraud complaint over the past five years. The cost to businesses was almost $50 billion, and to consumers $5 billion, in 2002, the most recent year that lace w:st="on">Americalace>'s Federal Trade Commission collected figures.
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After two recent, big privacy disasters, people and politicians are calling for action. In February, ChoicePoint, a large data-collection agency, began sending out letters warning 145,000 Americans that it had wrongly provided fraudsters with their personal details, including Social Security numbers. Around 750 people have already spotted fraudulent activity.
And on February 25th, Bank of America revealed that it lost data tapes that contain personal information on over 1m government employees, including some Senators. Although accident and not illegality is suspected, all must take precautions against identity theft.
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Faced with such incidents, state and national lawmakers are calling for new regulations, including over companies that collect and sell personal information. As an industry, the firms—such as ChoicePoint, Acxiom, LexisNexis and
Westlaw—are largely unregulated. They have also grown enormous. For example, ChoicePoint was founded in 1997 and
has acquired nearly 60 firms to amass databases with 19 billion records on people. It is used by insurance firms, landlords and even police agencies.
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California is the only state with a law requiring companies to notify individuals when their personal information has been compromised—which made ChoicePoint reveal the fraud (albeit five months after it was noticed, and after its top
two bosses exercised stock options). Legislation to make the requirement a federal law is under consideration. Moreover, lawmakers say they will propose that rules governing credit bureaus and medical companies are extended to
data-collection firms. And alongside legislation, there is always litigation. Already, ChoicePoint has been sued for failing
to safeguard individuals' data.
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Yet the legal remedies would still be far looser than in lace w:st="on">Europelace>, where identity theft is also a menace, though less frequent and costly. The European Data Protection Directive, implemented in 1998, gives people the right to access their information, change inaccuracies, and deny permission for it to be shared. Moreover, it places the cost of mistakes on the
companies that collect the data, not on individuals. When the law was put in force, American policymakers groaned that it was bad for business. But now they seem to be reconsidering it.
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36. Plato and lace w:st="on">St. Augustinelace> are mentioned in the Text to _______. A. raise philosophical questions.
B. show an obvious contrast
C. introduce the criminals
D. pay way for the main topic.
37.According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true?
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A． ChoicePoint is an agency that is responsible for the information leakage. B． ChoicePoint is an agency where Social Security numbers are kept.
C． Personal information is most unsafe with Bank of America.
D． The loss of data tapes in Bank of America is a case of identity theft.
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38.The real reason for ChoicePoint’s fast expansion is that ________.
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A．it collects and sells personal information
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B．it has acquired nearly 60 firms since 1997
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C．the industry is largely unregulated by the government
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D．the information it provides is useful to many
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39.ChoicePoint revealed the fraud because ____.
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A．its top two bosses wanted to exercise stock options
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B．it was required by local legislation
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C．it was sued for failing to safeguard individual’s data. D．medical companies are also allowed to collect data
40.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.
A．Identity theft is even more serious in Europe than in lace w:st="on">Americalace>. B．American policymakers might learn from the laws in lace w:st="on">Europelace>. C．American policymakers are more concerned with individual interests. D．the cost of identity theft is usually covered by companies in the lace w:st="on">USlace>.
Part B Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41–45, choose the most suitable one from the list
A–G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. (10 points)
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Do mobile phones cause explosions at petrol stations? That question has just been exhaustively answered by Adam
Burgess, a researcher at the lacetype w:st="on">Universitylacetype> of lacename w:st="on">Kentlacename>, in lace w:st="on">Englandlace>. Oddly, however, Dr Burgess is not a physicist, but a
sociologist. For the concern rests not on scientific evidence of any danger, but is instead the result of sociological factors:
it is an urban myth, supported and propagated by official sources, but no less a myth for that. Dr Burgess presented his findings this week at the annual conference of the British Sociological Association.
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Mobile phones started to become widespread in the late 1980s, when the oil industry was in the middle of a concerted safety drive, Dr Burgess notes. This was, in large part, a response to the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, when 167 people
died in an explosion on an oil platform off the Scottish coast. 41). ____So nobody questioned the precautionary ban on the
use of mobile phones at petrol stations. The worry was that an electrical spark might ignite explosive fumes.
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42). But it was too late. The myth had taken hold.
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One problem, says Dr Burgess, is that the number of petrol-station fires increased in the late 1990s, just as mobile phones were proliferating. Richard Coates, BP's fire-safety adviser, investigated many of the 243 such fires that occurred around the world between 1993 and 2004. He concluded that most were indeed caused by sparks igniting petrol vapour,
but the sparks themselves were the result of static electricity, not electrical equipment. Most drivers will have experienced
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a mild electric shock when climbing out of their vehicles. It is caused by friction between driver and seat, with the result
that both end up electrically charged. When the driver touches the metal frame of the vehicle, the result is sometimes a spark. 43).
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44). One e-mail contained fictitious examples of such explosions said to have happened in Indonesia and
lace w:st="on">Australialace>. Another, supposedly sent out by Shell, found its way on to an internal website at Exxon, says Dr Burgess, where
it was treated as authoritative by employees. Such memos generally explain static fires quite accurately, but mistakenly attribute them to mobile phones. Official denials, says Dr Burgess, simply inflame the suspicions of conspiracy theorists.
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45).____ Warning signs abound in Britain, America, Canada and lace w:st="on">Australialace>. The city of S?o Paulo, in lace w:st="on">Brazillace>, introduced a ban last year. And, earlier this month, a member of lace w:st="on">Connecticutlace>'s senate proposed making the use of mobile phones in petrol stations in that state punishable by a $250 fine.
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[A] The safety drive did not apply merely to offshore operations: employees at some British oil-company offices are now
required to use handrails while walking up and down stairs, for example.
As a result, the company had to pay a huge amount of compensation to the families of the victims and law suits concerning those fires seemed to be endless.
[C] A further complication was the rise of the internet, where hoax memos, many claiming to originate from oil companies, warned of the danger of using mobile phones in petrol stations.
[D] This is particularly noticeable in lace w:st="on">Britainlace>. The country that led the way in banning mobile phones at petrol stations is also the country that has taken the strongest line on the safety of mobile-phone use by children.
[E] Despite the lack of evidence that mobile phones can cause explosions, bans remain in place around the world, though
the rules vary widely.
[F] By the late 1990s, however, phone makers—having conducted their own research—realized that there was no danger
of phones causing explosions since they could not generate the required sparks.
[G] This seems to have become more common as plastic car interiors, synthetic garments and rubber-soled shoes have proliferated.
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Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
(46)As technology continues to advance, countries must decide how they will deal with the issue of human cloning for reproduction
or research. So far, several nations have placed strong restrictions on healing cloning; others are moving towards such restrictions, and a few have staked out positions in favor of curative cloning. After months of bitter debate, the Unite States must decide what it will do.
All legislators can agree that it would be wrong now to make a walking, talking, real-life human clone. The lace w:st="on">lacename w:st="on">Nationallacename> lacetype w:st="on">Academylacetype>lace> of
Sciences also supports that position. But its lace w:st="on">lacetype w:st="on">Institutelacetype> of lacename w:st="on">Medicinelacename>lace> has rightly said that its objections to the safety of reproductive cloning do
not apply to research cloning. Indeed, some scientists say that research cloning could yield stem cells that could be used to grow healing tissues for patients with diseases such as Parkinson’s. (47)They also say that studying stem cells made from the cells of diseased patients
could help us understand why people with the same genetic make-up get sick or stay well.
Opponents of research cloning say there is no proof that it will yield any cures. They also say that adult stem cells are more promising and less controversial. They have gained Congressional and public support by beating into widespread fears about biotechnology, which some worry is winding quickly down a slippery slope towards the commodification of the human species.(48) But such fears do not
represent a sensible basis for a ban on research cloning, which is likely to give insights into the processes that cause a host of devastating
diseases.
The Senate is now moving towards a slowdown on the issue. Two bills have been introduced. Senator Sam Brownback introduced a
bill that would ban cloning for any purpose. His rivals, led by Senator Dianne Feinstein, have introduced competing legislation that would allow scientists to close embryos for research. And senators eager to air their views on the issue for a vote on the matter in the next few week.. (49)Brown-back is said to have nearly 50 supporters, but for technical reasons a bill is unlikely to be passed unless 60 senators
support it.
Advocates of healing cloning have outlined situations that would make the Senate more likely to pass a bill that would allow research cloning, such as amending the Brownback bill to allow research. In this way, senators could save face by simultaneously voting for Brownback and for research.
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However, any bill that does pass the Senate must be reconciled with the House bill in a conference. The Brownback bill is virtually
identical to a House cloning ban that was passed last July. So it would speed through the conference committee. But Senate and House negotiators are unlikely to compromise if the Senate votes to allow healing cloning.(50) So the result of this month’s Senate debate is likely
to be either that President Bush signs a bill that bans cloning for any purpose, or that he does not sign any cloning bill at all. The issue could also spill over into the appropriations process this autumn, when senators try to force rules through the Congress by attaching them to the necessary spending bills.
The Congress has strongly supported the National Institute of Health in recent years because it wants the lace w:st="on">United Stateslace> to be a world leader in biomedical research. The Senate should continue its strong support of biomedical science, and act in the national interest, by refusing to pass a ban on research cloning.
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Part A
51．Directions:
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Section III Writing
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A professor from Australia will deliver a lecture on Australian society and culture, and you asked to write a notice on behalf of the
Students’ Union. Your notice should include:
1) brief introduction of the lecturer
2) outline of the lecture
3) time and place
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Part B
52．Directions:
A. Study the graph below carefully and write an essay of about 200 words
B. Your essay should cover the information provided and meet the requirements below.
1. interpret the graph
2. give the possible causes for the change
3. your comments
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本文大意：
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参考答案
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Section I Use of English
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很多植物不靠光合作用来制造自己的食物，他们和地下的真菌网形成了共生关系。真菌帮助植物吸收矿物质，作为回报，植 物给真菌提供糖分或碳。
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1、A 语篇连贯 根据语篇，该句前后两个小句之间为转折关系，因此选 but.
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2、D 上下文介词辨析
上文转折之后指出，有些植物不靠阳光而靠偷窃为生，本句对此进一步进行阐述，有几千种类的植物不靠光合作用生存，
without 符合题意。
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3、D 名词辨析
realm 意为“王国，领域”； net 意为“网，网状物”，如：a fishing net(渔网)；relation 意为“关系”； web 意为
“网，网络”。
地下的真菌构成一种广阔的网络，web 符合题意。
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4、A 副词辨析
此句为倒装句，只能选 only,又如：Only when a child grows up can he understand his parents(只有长大了，孩子才理解父母)
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5、B 代词，限定词辨析
此句缺少主语，只能选代词。 others 或 the other,前者泛指，后者特指； 此处选 the others,特指“其他的植物”；
other 与 the other 为限定词，用来修饰名词，前者反之，后者特指。
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6、A 动词词组辨析
get by 意为“生活，生存”； get on 意为“进展，相处”； get through 意为“通过，完成”； get over 意为“克
服”。
根据文章，真菌学家 Martin Bidantondo 研究其他植物是如何生存的，get by 符合题意。
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7、C 名词辨析
evidence 意为“证据”，不可数名词； picture 意为“图画”； trace 意为“痕迹，踪迹”； track 意为 “轨道， 轨迹”。
根据文章，研究人员发现了一类普通真菌的踪迹，C 为最佳答案。
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8、D 形容词辨析
根据下文，在 70%的植物上都可以见到这种真菌，说明它分布很广泛，widespread 符合题意。
popular 意为“流行的”； common 意为“常见的，普通的”； ordinary 意为“普通的”。
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9、D 上下文重现及动词辨析和搭配
从搭配上看，只有 hints 与 at 搭配，其他三个选择项均为及物动词。 从上下文看，hint 与下文的 suggest 并列，是同义词重现。
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10、C 形容词辨析
“贸易往来”的表达为 trading relation,它形象地描述了植物和真菌之间的互惠互利的关系。
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11、A 形容词辨析 根据常识，能通过光合作用制造碳水化合物的是绿色植物，因此选 A.
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12、B 动词辨析
creat 意为“创造”； develop 意为“发展，形成”； design 意为“设计”；formulate 意为“明确地表达”。 该句意为，大多数植物和真菌网络形成了一种共生关系，develop 符合题意。
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13、B 形容词辨析
可以修饰 network 的是 vast,表示范围之大。
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14、A 名词辨析
floor 意为“地板，楼层，底部”； level 意为“水平”； ground 意为“地面”；layer 意为“层”。 表达森林的地层应用“floor”, 又如：sea floor(海底)。
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15、C 词组辨析
in turn 意为“反过来”； in fact 意为“事实上”； in return 意为“作为回报”； in the end 意为“最后”。 文章指出，植物和真菌之间形成了共生关系，真菌帮助绿色植物吸收矿物质，作为回报，植物给真菌提供糖分。in return
符合题意。
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16、D 动词搭配与辨析
参考上题分析，只有 provide 与 with 搭配 “provide…with…，意为“为…提供…”。
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17、D 形容词辨析
根据原文，由于很多植物共同享有一个真菌网络，出现少数的“欺骗者”也就在所难免了。因此 inevitable(不可避免的)
为最佳答案。
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18、B 介词词组辨析
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in time 意为“及时”； over time 意为“随着时间的推移”； at times 意为“有时”； behind time 意为“误时， 晚点”。
为了应对那些“欺骗”，随着时间的推移，这些植物逆转了碳的流动方向。
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19、C 动词辨析
根据上题分析，这些植物逆转了碳的流动方向，从释放变为吸收，suck(吸收，吮吸)符合题意。
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20、A 上下文逻辑
suck 和 release 恰恰相对，因此选 instead of.
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Part A
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Section II Reading Comprehension
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Text 1
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21.解答：含义题。选A。解题时应结合文章上下文的语义进行猜测。文章首句Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily作者便介绍了过去香 港学生的就业状况，即在不久之前只要学生成功拿到大学文凭就能找到一份好工作。但而后作者在第一句与第三 句之间用了一个重要的语标词however，暗示今非昔比，情况向着其相反的方向发展。根据此句，在“those days are gone, even in Hong Kong”后一部分“nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs”（现今毕业 生在找工作的过程中会遇到残酷的竞争）作者暗示在过去香港的学生毕业后会不费劲地找到好工作，而选项【a】
则与这个意思表达完全一致。
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22．解答：细节题。选D。第三段第一句“Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities.”意思 是“求职者应该对自己地能力做出谨慎地评估”，因此D选项“努力向雇主展示他们拥有平衡的能力”是最为接 近的选项。A选项迷惑较大，它说“要均衡地说出雇主需要的内容”，就把中心从求职者转向了雇主，所以错误。
23.解答：细节题。选C。要求在所给段落找出特定细节，做此题时可以采取排除法。选项【a】find a good position
and then compare it with other careers （找到一份好工作然后进行比对）的意思表达与文章第二句中的“three stages
for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career”表达不符。作者只是为那些找工作过程中的人提供 建议，而非涉及找到工作后的事情。选项【b】ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job （请求亲戚朋友为其 找到满意的工作）表达与文章第四段第二句不符，在整句中作者强调的是information一词，即在找工作的过程中 应从亲戚朋友那里得到有价值的信息，而不是完全依靠他们。而选项【d】find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want （尽量多地找到信息并及时通知顾主其比对结果）也不是正确答案，在此 段中作者并未对此内容有所涉及。最后通过文章第四段最后的一句的分析可以得出这样的结论：求职者所做的工 作是为了尽量多地得到相关信息进而进行比对，而选项【c】表达的正是这个意思。
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24.解答：推理题。选D。文章第六段最后一句“This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer.”是答案所在的位置，而清楚透彻理解这句话是解题的关键。句子中的词组“much better than”表示 比对关系，这样对其之前的代词this所指带对象的找寻便显得至关重要。通过对此段篇章结构的分析可以得出结论 this指带的便是上一句“…give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they
are unsure about”（给出积极和具有建设性的回答并大胆地给出你不确定问题的答案）。而词组“much better than” 之后的内容是“pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. ”（假装问题并给出不合适的答 案），那么我们便可以通过这一词组的判断得知作者选择的是 词组“much better than”之前的内容而非的内容。通 过对这一关键句的分析可以判断在四个选项中只有选项【d】it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand（对于求职面试者来说诚实比虚伪更加重要）符合句义表达，因此是正确答案。
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25.解答：主旨题。选D。问题是问通过对文章最后一句的分析在四个选项中找到一个与原文大意表达最接近的一 句。文章的最后一段只有一个句子 “There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them.”，句子最后一个部分“…to be one of them”的正确 含义是“为了找到一个好工作求职者至少拥有ability（能力），skill （技能），determination（决心）三个基本素 质中的一个，而并非develop（发展）其中的一个。因此判断选项【a】不符文中的表达。选项【b】中的easily（容 易地，易如反掌地）所表达的意思原文并未提出也可排除。而选项【c】表达的意思是“从事良好职业人们应具备 能力，技能和决心三个基本要素”，此选项并未涉及找工作，而是做工作。四个选项中只有选项【d】people with
the right qualities should be able to find a good career （具备良好素质的人们能找到自己满意的工作）准确地表达了 作者的原义，因此是正确答案。
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12 河南考研网 www.henankaoyan.cn 精彩不容错过
Text 2
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26.解答：态度题。选 C。解题的关键是通篇阅读原文继而理解文章大意，而后对文章中的一些表达特殊含义
的词，如描写性的形容词记性进行分析。在文章第一段中的“We have an appalling tendency to interfere with nature before all of the possible consequences of our actions have been studied in depth.”部分，其中的形容词“appalling”的 英文解释是“Something that is appalling is so bad or unpleasant that it shocks you”, 这说明作者的语气是严肃的，因 此可以排除选项【b】Humorous（幽默的），当然也不是漠不关心的。在文章后一部分作者反复使用诸如 “hazard”，
“risk”，因此判断文章的基调是严肃的，选项【c】serious 正确。
27.解答：主旨题。选 D。解题是首先要找到文章每一个段落的主题句，然后进行整体综合分析。通过文章第 一句“The history of modern pollution problems shows that most have resulted from negligence and ignorance.”可以了 解到现代社会的污染是由于我们的疏忽和大意造成的。而其后作者便对科技的进步与其的关系进行了探讨。文章 最后一句“The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.”（如果我们进入技术新时代而不首先估价我们对 环境所负的责任，我们将遇到公害，这些公害将表明危险真正达到了什么程度。）更是说明了其间的联系。通过文 章的最后一句可以推论作者的真正意图是揭开两个方面的深层含义，即人类对自然污染的责任，因此选项【d】是 正确答案。
28.解答：推理题。选 C。作者在文章中探讨了环境污染和人类科技进步之间的关系，而通过题干中的关键词
“the origin”和“lie in”将思考的范围限定在文章最后一段第一句“The importance of these issues lies in the failure
of science to predict and control human intervention into natural processes.”（这些问题的关键在于科学预测能力的缺 乏和人类对自然进程的横加干涉毫无控制。）此句中的“failure”一词与选项【c】中的“want”一词构成语义重 现，并且选项【c】中涉及了环境污染和人类科技进步之间的联系，故是正确答案。
29.解答：含义题。选 A。“in depth”出现在第一段第二句“We have an appalling tendency to interfere with nature before all of the possible consequences of our actions have been studied in depth”这句话是说“我们总是在未进一步考 虑我们的行为对于自然带来的后果之前便迫不及待地介入到大自然之中。” ，而理解“in depth”一词的关键是理 解之后一句“We produce and distribute radioactive substances, synthetic chemicals and many other potent compounds before fully comprehending their effects on living organisms.”中的“fully comprehend”一词。首先两个句子表达的 意思相近，而且“in depth” 和“fully comprehend”构成语义重现。因此判断选项【a】fully and thoroughly（完全 彻底）是正确选项。
30.解答：事实细节题。选 B。通过文章最后一段第一句“The importance of these issues lies in the failure of science
to predict and control human intervention into natural processes.”，其中的“predict”和“control”暗示现在人类面临 的问题和过去有所不同，因此作者说人类对科学技术的发展缺乏预知性，据此判断选项【b】the situation is quite difference from the past（情形与过去不同）是正确选项。
Text 3
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31.解答：推理题。选 C。首先排除选项【a】most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.
（绝大多数历史书籍均是由征服者，将军和士兵创作的），其中所表述的内容文章并未涉及。文章首段第一句后一 部分“whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.”所表达的意思是“真 正推动文明发展的人却没有被历史书籍所提及”，据此可以排除选项【b】no one who really helped civilisation forward
is mentioned in any history book，其中的“no one”表达的意思过于绝对。选项【d】conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.（征服者，将军和士兵不应在历史书籍中被提及）是对文章第一句的曲解， 作者所要表达的真正含义是一种比较关系，即推动文明的人更应该更多地在历史书籍中被提及。在选项【c】中的
“more…than”恰如其分地表达了这种比较关系，因此是正确答案。
32.解答：事实细节题。选 B。通过题干部分的关键词“he highest pillars”可在文章第一段第三句中找到相应 信息，而本句中“the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier”便是问题的答案。四个选项中，选项【c】a figure reprsenting the number of conquerors, generals or soldiers in that country（代表征服者，将军和士兵利益的一个人）的 表达与原文相象，但其中的“reprsenting”表达与文章矛盾，因此排除。选项【a】中的“same”一词表示的意思 在文中也没有相关表达。而选项【d】the figure of a person who helped civilization forward.（那些推动文明发展的人） 所涉及的内容与原文表达恰巧相反。这样可以得出结论，即选项【b】表达与原文相符。
33.解答：事实细节题。选 D。在文章第一段第五句作者说“It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.”（或许他们仅仅是这样一类人，而不是最文明的人）。解题的关键是对此句中的代词“they”的理解。 此处的“they”指的是“those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors”（那些在战争中征服大量国家并统治这些国家的人。）根据此句可以判断选项【d】与原文内容相符，
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并且其中的词组“in some sense”（从某种意义上说）更是准确地表达了作者对这些所谓伟大的人的一种轻视。
34.解答：目的细节题。选 C。首先判断此句出现在文章第三段第三句，而后须结合上下文进行语义的分析。 在此句后面的部分中作者主要对此句的内容进行展开，并举出相关的具体事例，因而对此句的理解帮助不大。通 过对此段的篇章结构进行分析后可以得出结论，此句之前一句“After all, the race of men has only just started.”是理 解下一句的关键，它的意思是“毕竟，人类只是才刚刚发展起来”。此句中的“the race of men”和“started”选 项【c】中的“human beings”和“at the beginning of”构成语义重现，因此判断是正确答案。并且在此段倒数第四 句中的“Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life…”作者也表达了相同的意思。
35.解答：推理题。选 C。问题要求根据文章中的句子找出其隐含的意思。首先判断此句中的“these things” 指的是什么事情，分析语篇后发现此句之前一句中的“a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting”指的便是这些事情。而后通过判断句子结构，即句子用了两个否定结构构成一个表示具有强烈肯定意味 的双重否定句。据此排除选项【a】和选项【d】，因为两个选项均表达否定内容。另外表达肯定内容的选项【b】
there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some fighting and bullying.（文明的人做一些打斗和侮辱他人的行为举止 是没有错误的）与原文表达的意思恰巧相反，因此是错误选项。而选项【c】even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying.（甚至文明的人也有可能做一些诸如打斗和侮辱他人的事情）是对此句正确的改写
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Text 4
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36.解答：目的细节题。选 D。任何放在文章开头的例子、人物、引语都是要引出文章的主题。
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37.解答：判断题。选 A。文章第二段说“二月份，ChoicePoint 开始给 145000 个美国人发信警告他们说该公
司错误地把他们的包括社会福利号在内的个人信息提供给了骗子”，证明 ChoicePoint 这个公司对该信息泄漏负责。
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38.解答：原因细节题。选 D。文章第三段末尾一句说“保险公司、房东甚至连警察机构都利用这一公司”，
证明它所提供的信息对很多人是有用的。其他几个选项都是现象，而非原因。
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39.解答：原因细节题。选 B。文章第四段第一句说“只有加州有法律要求公司在个人信息受到侵害时通知个 人——这使得 ChoicePoint 揭露了该欺诈行为”，由此可见原因在于当地立法。
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40.解答：推理题。选 B。文章最后一句说“但是现在美国的政策制定者们好像要重新考虑一下了”，证明他 们也可能会借鉴欧洲的法律。其他几个选项都恰恰与事实相反。
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Part B
41．选 A。三个支持点：第一，A 选项中含有“safety drive”，与第二段开头句形成“关键词重现关联”；第二，A
选项中含有“off-shore”与前文“coast”构成“近义词同现关联”；第三，A 选项中含有“employees”，与下文“nobody” 构成“代词指代关联”。
42．选 F。两个支持点：第一，F 选项中含有“however”，该句意思是“手机不会造成加油站爆炸”与上一段意思 相反，而“however”是这种意义的相反得以合理实现；第二，后文提到“这太晚了，这种观念已经根深蒂固了”。 正好与 F 选项的内容构成逻辑关联。
43．选 G。一个支持点，G 选项中的“this”正好指代上文提到的“静电产生火花”一事。
44．选 C。一个支持点，C 选项中提到了“the internet”，而第五段空格后面马上就提到了“e-mail”，构成主题关 联。
45．选 E。E 选项说“全世界到处都是禁止使用手机的禁令，尽管规则之间区别很大”，而最后一段正是讲不同国 家的做法。构成“主题－分述”关联。
Part C
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（46）随着科技的持续发展，各国必须明确克隆人类究竟是为了研究还是为了复制生命。
（47）同时他们认为，研究从病人细胞中提取的干细胞组织可以帮助我们理解相同遗传机构的人为什么有些会传病，而有些则能 保持健康。
（48）这些恐惧并不是对克隆研究下禁令的理性基础，因为克隆研究能帮助人们研究了解某些毁灭性疾病的病因。
（49）据说 Brownback 拥有将近 50 名支持这；但从操作上来说，除非得到 60 名以上参议员的支持，该项法案不可能得到通过。
（50）因此本月参议院辩论的结果可能会是：布什总统要么签署不管什么原因都要禁止克隆的法案。
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Section III Writing
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14
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Part A
参考范文：
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Notice
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Lecturer: Professor Blackmore of lace w:st="on">lacename w:st="on">Melbournelacename> lacetype w:st="on">Universitylacetype>lace>, who is noted for his deep insight into Australian history, society and culture
Outline: a. a brief introduction of Australian history b. Australian politics and economy
c. Australian culture and higher education
Time： July 15, 2005, 6:30 pm
Place: University Lecture Hall
The Students’ Union
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Part B
参考范文：
The graph shows us an encouraging picture in developing the western part of lace w:st="on">Chinalace>. Between 2000 and 2002, the GNP (Gross National Product) went up from 1665.46 to 1988.37 billion yuan; increase was seen in all sections of industries, and among them the third industry (service industry) witnessed the biggest increase. At the same time, investment into this part of lace w:st="on">Chinalace> was also on the rise, the rate of which is much higher than that of the whole country.
As we know, in the past 15 years, the focus of reform and opening policy was on the eastern part of lace w:st="on">Chinalace>. As a result, the eastern part developed very rapidly, while the western part still remained undeveloped. Faced with this problem,
the government decided to develop lace w:st="on">Western Chinalace>. Many well-trained professionals were assigned to help this area, advanced technology was brought there, and more and more investment was introduced into all sections of industry. lace w:st="on">Western Chinalace> has experienced prosperity in recent years.
The attention of the Chinese government needs to be drawn to the western part of China, mainly because of its landmass. With the government and the people united as one, the development of this part is bound to succeed. The balance between the east and the west of lace w:st="on">Chinalace> will be attained in the near future.
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