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Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Which type of transport does the writer prefer, do you think?

    People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food -- always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travlling by sea.
    Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     positively
adv. 绝对地，完全地

     compartment
n.   列车客车厢内的分隔间（或单间）

     cramped
adj. 窄小的

     stuffy
adj. 憋气的，闷气的

     monotonous
adj. 枯燥的，乏味的

     rhythm
n.   有节奏的运动

     click
v.   发出咔哒声

     lull
v.   催人欲睡

     snatch
n.   短时，片段

     sleeper
n.   卧铺

     fumble
v.   乱摸，摸索

     inspection
n.   检查

     inevitably
adv. 必然地，不可避免地

     destination
n.   目的地

     exhaust
v.   使精疲力尽

     motorway
n.   快车道

     ferry
n.   渡船

     cruise
n.   巡游船

     civilize
v.   使文明

     spacious
adj. 宽敞的

     seasick
adj. 晕船的

     intimidate
v.   恐吓，恫吓

     disadvantage
n.   短处，缺点

     exhilarating
adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的

     escapist
n.   逍遥者

     sip
v.   呷，啜

     champagne
n.   香槟洒

     refinement
n.   精心的安排

     breathtaking
adj.激动人心的；不寻常的

     soar
v.   高飞，翱翔

     effortlessly
adv. 不费力地

     landscape
n.   景色

     fresh
adj. 精神饱满的

     uncrumpled
adj. 没有垮下来
        
参考译文

出远门的人常常需要决定是走旱路、水路，还是坐飞机。很少有人能够真正喜欢坐几个小时以上的火车。车厢很快就变得拥挤、闷热，想摆脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。看书只能解决部分问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦乡。白天是忽睡忽醒，到了夜晚，你真想睡了，却很难入睡。即使你走运弄到一个卧铺，夜间有一半时间你会盯着车顶那盏小蓝灯而睡不着觉；要不然就为查票摸索你的车票。一旦抵达目的地，你总是疲惫不堪。乘汽车作长途旅行则更加不舒服，因为连看书都几乎不可能。在公路上还好，你至少能以相当快的速度安全地向前行。但旅行的大部分时间都花在路上，而且只有很少的服务设施，交通也很拥挤。相比之下，坐船旅行或环游可以得到文明世界的各种享受。你可以在甲板上伸展四肢、做游戏，还能也很见到各种有趣的人，能享用各种美味佳肴——当然，这一切只有在大海风平浪静的情况下才有可能。如果大海肆虐起来，你就可能晕船，那种难受劲儿是任何一种别的旅行的方式都不会带来的。即使风平浪静，坐船旅行也要占用很长时间。没有多少人会为享受坐船旅行的乐趣而牺牲假期的时间。
飞机以危险而著称，连老资格的旅行者也怕飞机。飞机另一个缺点是昂贵。但就速度与舒适而言，飞机是无与伦比的。腾云驾雾，在30，000 英尺高空以500英里的时速旅行，这种经历令人心旷神怡。你不必想办法去摆脱旅途的困扰，因为飞机会迅速地把你送到目的地。几小时之内，你躺在扶手椅上，享受着旅途的欢乐。真正会享受的人还可以在某些航班上看一场电影和喝香槟。即使没有这些消遣条件，也总是有事可做。飞机上，你可以观察世界上非同寻常的奇妙的美景。你毫不费劲地飞越高山幽谷，你确能饱览大地的风貌。如果这种景色被遮住了，你可以观赏一下展现在你面前的、一望数英里的、连绵不断的云海，同时阳光灿烂，天空清澈明朗。旅途平稳，丝毫不妨碍你阅读或睡眠。不管你打算如何消磨时间，有件事是可以肯定的，即当你抵达目的地时，你感到精神焕发，毫无倦意，用不着因为漫长的旅途的辛苦而花几天时间休息来恢复精神。

New words and expression 生词和短语s 生词短语

 positively   adv. 绝对地，完全地

in positive way.   

  the food is positively uneatable

  can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.

 compartment  n. 分隔间或单间

 cramped  adj.窄小的

 stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的

同义词: airless

monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的

   I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.

   I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.

   同义词：   tendious 乏味的，重点突出long and uninteresting.

   dull = interesting

   I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.

   Look at that dull person.

   tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦

   He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.

   Long lasting meeting are tiring.

   You are a little bit tiresome.

   I am tired of doing so. --> be tired of

   I am bored with doing so. --> be bored with

 rhythm  n. 有节奏的运动

 click  v. 发出咔哒声

 lull v. 催人欲睡

   The mother lulled her baby to sleep.     --> lull sb to sleep.

   What a good day, the wind lulled! 风和日利

   lullaby 催眠曲

 snatch n. 短时，片段

   in snatches 断断续续地

   It rains in snatches.   On the train, we sleep in snatches.

 sleeper n. 卧铺

 fumble v.乱摸，摸索

   He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。

   He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。

 inspection n.检查

 inevitably adv. 必然地

   Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.

 destination  n.目的地

 exhaust v.使精疲力尽

   I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了

   What exhaustes you?  什么使你筋疲力尽呀？

   I am tired out.

   同义词 wear out  使疲劳，使磨损

   Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了

   After a day's work hard, I am worn out.

   knock sb out  把某人打昏，使疲劳

   That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.

   The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。

   fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）

   The piece of work fatigues me.

 motorway n.快车道

 ferry n. 渡船

 cruise n.巡游船

 civilize v.使文明

 spacioius adj. 宽敞的

   Is your classroom spacious?

   Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.

   I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.

   同义词：rommy

   a roomy house

   capacious 容量大的   capacity 容量

   commodious 宽敞的，便利的  roomy and conventient

   The cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.

   expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的

   I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋

   vast 幅员辽阔的

   The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem

   extensive 广泛的，广阔的  extensive reading 泛读   intensive reading 精读

   You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.

   widespread  流传广的，分布广的

   The kind of news is widespread.

   far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的

   I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.

 seasick adj.晕船的

   airsick  晕飞机的/

 carsick  晕车的

 bussick  晕公交车的  bicyclesick  晕自行车的   homesick  想家的。

 intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓   Nothing can intimidate me.

 disadvantage n.短处，缺点

 exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的

   I'm exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。

   同义词：stimulate 刺激，激励  stimulate sb to do sth.

   Your courage stimulated me to do so.

   inspire 激励（通过言辞）  inspire sb to do

   stir 鼓舞，鼓动  Who stired you to do it like this? You should look before you leap.

   spur 刺激  His rude remarks spured me.

   encourage  He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.

 escapist n.逍遥者

 sip v.呷， drink a little at a time.  ---> take a sip of 喝一点

   I'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?

   I'm so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.

   You can take a  sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.

 champagne n.香槟酒

 refinement n.精心的安排

   refine 使人精力充沛

   Coffee always refined us.

   Coffee always made us fresh.

 breathtaking adj. 激动人心的

   The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。

   The girl takes my breath.

   The beautiful dress takes my breath.

   decide to go for a trip 决定旅行

   We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.

 soar v.高飞

   We can't soar in the blue sky.

 effortlessly adv. 不费力地

 landscape n.景色   =  extraordinary sight

同义词：scenery 自然风光  secne 场面  view 透过窗户看到的景色

   Our classroom doesn't have a good view.

 The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.

 fresh adj. 精神饱满的

   a fresh man   Look at that guy, he is really fresh.

 uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来   He went home fresh and uncrumpled.

Notes on the Text 课文注释

   现在分词短语修饰people

   People who travel long distance frequently.

   frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often

   have to decide = have to make up their mind.

   would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配

   had better do 最好做...  would perfer to do.   would rather do.

   hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于nobody;

   或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.

   exhausted 在这里是形容词做状语

   wear out; tire out' fatigue; knock out

   The writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.

   Travelling by car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train.

   fairly的语气最弱的

   more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often ,usually, frequently

   by comparison  通过对比

   off = provide

   comforts 在这儿指代 service

be likely to do 有可能...

   it is probable that

   could not be + 形容词比较级

   can not be + 形容词比较级

   no ... could be

   Nobody can be more beautiful than you.

   No place can/could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。

   relatively 相对来讲

   A large number of people are prepared to sacifice their higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.

   Relatively, few people are prepared to sacifice their holiday fime for the dubious pleasure of travelling by sea.

   dubious = uncertian = doubtful

   Aeroplanes are famous/well-known for its being dangerous.

   have the disadvantage of

   have the reputation of

   match sb for

   but nothing can be equal to them.

   在第二部分当中是采用对比法

   It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.

   You don't have to/needn't devise ways of taking your mind off the journey.

   hardly

   You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your destination.

   on some services 在这里指代  on airplane.

   keep one's mind off 转移注意力

   keep sb occupied 集中注意力

   however = no matter how

   If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you will find aeroplanes provide us with the best.

   Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying abroad.

   at first, you must illustrate your topic, the disadvantage of studying at home.

   the disvantage of studying abroad

   最后通过实例详细论述出国留学的好处。

   支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。

   每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。

   最主要的方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法

   结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。

   段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。

   想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。

   主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。

   主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。

   主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。

   重复使用关键词。

   内容要连贯。

   衔接词的使用

   1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first of all

          at present, nowaday, currently, to start with, to begin with, for one thing

          for another, in one hand, in the other hand.

   2、承。 to start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides; apart from; in addition;

          in addition to; furthermore; in fact; actually; as a matter of fact; in reality;

          moreover; no doubt; without any doubt; similarly; in the same way; meanwhile;

          in the meantime; obviously; particularly; such as; for example; for instance;

          consequently; as a consequence; as a result; what is more; what is better;

   3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; somehow; but; however; nevertheness; nonetheless;

          conversely; by this time; on the contray; despite; in despite of;

          in contempt of; in disregard of; by contrast; by comparison; fortunately;

          in other words; on the other hand; unlike; whereas;

   4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。

          accordingly; as has been noted(above); as has been mentioned; as has been talked of;

          at last; finally; lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in short; in a word;

          in conculsion; in sum; in summary; to sum up; to summarize; to conclude;

          no doubt; undoubtedly; truly; certainly; positively; surely; obviously;

          on the whole;

   可以使用谚语作为 topic

   as the saying goes; as proverb goes;

   定义法

   可以使用提问法

   比如说： illustrate your opinion about friendship

           Do you have a good/large circle of friends?

   概括法： I quite agree with this idea.

   间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。

   在读文章时

   1、注意结构安排

   2、找出文章关键词

   3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾

 Special difficulties 难点

Cramped and stuffy : not roomy, not spacious
lacking space, airless,

                  Lacking space and air

                  Monotonous : unchanging

Lulls : cause to sleep

In snatches: not continuously

Destination : terminal

           Destination is a place where someone are going.

Stretch your legs: have a rest, go for a walk

Sacrifice: give up for a purpose.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1、  D   the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is

alike : as well   D. was adored by the rich and poor alike.

2、c  distraction : 转移注意力

such… as  比如…  He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese.

3、c  No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than aeroplanes.

4、d   5、b

6、a  如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构形式不是if，不是suppose，而是providing or provided.  I’ll take all the shirts if/provided you reduce the price to $1 each.

7、c  in addition 表示承上启下，除此外还有

 如果用apart from , besides, in addition to , 必须和宾语进行搭配。

 It 是形式主语  It is no use crying. 哭没有用。

  It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是没有用的。

8、d  if it is not = if it is not calm

  be prone to sth.  To 在这是介词，相当于be likely to do 表示极有可能。

  During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold.

  During cold winter, we are prone to cold.

9、b

10、a   sit up 不睡觉 = stay up  

install 安装，固定 let’s install a television set on the wall..

11、c   spectacle = landscape   scenery 自然风光   scene 场景

12、b  get over 从…恢复过来   He hasn’t got over his wife’s death

   He doesn’t get over his illness.   Get away from 从…逃脱掉

ding