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【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作
版主: a402006469  boninjan  doudou0224  NSPPP  sineya 
最新发贴 : 2008-11-5 下午10:45 由: riverrr
boninjan


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【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 上午10:44

帖子回复可见
那只伸出宫墙之外翻云覆雨的手,已经再也无法收回……
boninjan


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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点---英语倒装归类分析--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 上午10:45   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


我好象点了那个回复才能看到的扭,呵呵,麻烦大家回复一下吧。

那只伸出宫墙之外翻云覆雨的手,已经再也无法收回……
boninjan


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Re: 【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 上午10:48   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


学习分词需要掌握什么

一、明确分词的逻辑主语

分词是非谓语动词之一,但它可以有自己逻辑主语。知道了其逻辑主语,那么用现在分词还是用过去分词就有依据了。

分词在句子中可作状语、定语、宾补及表语。

1. 分词作状语时,与主句的主语比较。

如:Compared with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. 与那旧楼相比,这新楼看起来更美。(分词部分相当于When the new building is compared with the old one, 与主语比较,是被动的,所以用过去分词。)

Comparing the new building with the old one, we find that the new one looks more beautiful. (如果我们)把新楼与旧楼作一比较,我们就会发现新楼看起来更美。(If we compare the new building with the old one, we ... 与主语比较,是主动的,所以用现在分词。)

2. 分词作定语时,与被修饰的词比较。

如:People living in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. (生活在城市里的人不知道乡村生活的乐趣。)People 与live是主动关系的,所以用现在分词。

如:The reduced price will save you one dollar for each dozen. (下调了的价格每一打将能节省你一个美元。) price与reduce是被动关系的,所以用过去分词。

3. 分词作宾补时,与宾语比较。

如:When I got there, I found him repairing farm tools. 当我到达那里时,我发现他正在修理农具。宾语him是repair这一动作的执行者,是主谓关系,所以用现在分词。

When I got there, I found the farm tools repaired. 当我到达那里时,我发现农具被修好了。宾语farm tools是repair的承受者,是动宾关系,所以用过去分词。

4.分词作表语,与主语比较。

如:The film is exciting. 这电影令人感到激动。excite这动作是电影发出的,所以用现在分词。

The boys were excited when they heard the exciting news. 这些男孩听到这激动人心的消息,感到很激动。(the boys是excite这一动作的承受者,所以用过去分词。)

二、分词替换从句,主语必须一致

如:While he was watching TV, he heard a knock at the door. 正当他在看电视时,他听到有人敲门。(可以用分词改写,因为两个主语一致。) ---(While) Watching TV, he heard a knock at the door.

注意:While he was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.正当他在看电视时,有人敲门。 (此句不可用分词替换从句,因为句中的两个主语不一致。)

As it was Sunday, they went out for a picnic. 从句与主句的主语不一致时,保留从句中的主语,再用分词改写: It being Sunday, they went out for a picnic. 这种用法属于独立主格结构。

三、短暂性动词的一般式也可表先后

分词有二种时态:一般式和完成式。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。 如:While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(无先后)

Having done his homework, he turned off the light and went to bed.(做作业在关灯与上床睡觉之前)

但是Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (hearing是一般式,但因为是短暂性动词,所以其一般式也可以表示先后, 常是紧接着发生两个动作。此句若用完成式,反而显得听话者反应迟钝。

如:Seeing the house on fire, he dialed 119. Arriving there, they began to plant trees.(用Arriving比用Having arrived更能显出they植树的积极性。)

四、句中出现连词不可用分词替换从句

学生们学了分词语法后,很容易犯以下错误:

1.只顾表面,不管结构。

如:_______ many times, but he still couldn't understand it. (A. Having been told B. He was told) 很多学生会误选A。句中有连词but, 连词应连接两个相同的成分,此句中连接两个句子,所以B项正确 。若去掉but, A项正确;

He has lived in this city for many years , so he knows the city very well. (有连词,要用句子。)

2.只顾形式,不管意思。

如:_____ late in the morning, he turned off the alarm.

A. To sleep B. Sleeping 很多学生会误选B。要他说出句意,他就犯难。其实,此句该选A,为了早上睡个懒觉,他把闹钟关了。不定式能表目的状语,而分词一般不表示目的。

Having passed the exam, he decided to tell his parents the good news. (表原因) 考试通过了,他决定把这好消息告诉他父母。

To pass the exam, he decided to spend the weekend at home going over his lessons. (表目的) 为了通过考试,他决定周末呆在家里复习功课。

在祈使句+and / or +句子的句型,由于学生常不顾意思,该用动词原形(祈使句)时,误用分词是常见的错误。请辨别以下句子:

Work hard and you'll be able to pass the exam.努力学习,那么你就会通过考试。

Work hard or you'll fail the English exam.努力学习,否则你就不能通过考试。

Having worked hard, he passed the exam.因为他努力学习,所以他通过了考试。(分词表原因)

五、分词可表结果状语

分词作状语,除了表示时间、原因、条件及伴随外还可表示结果。分词与不定式表结果状语, 有不同之处,不定式通常表意外结果,而分词多表必然结果。

如:He opened the door only to find a stranger. (意外地发现一个陌生人)

He woke up only to find himself lying in hospital. (意外地发现自己在医院里)

He was told that his house had been broken into. He hurried home, only finding a lot things stolen. (房子被盗,必然东西被偷)

The insect drinks too much sap, which passes right through its body, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. 这种昆虫喝太多的树液,这树液径直流过其身体,只不过变得稠些、甜些。(这也是必然的结果)

六、注意貌似分词的词

英语中的一些词是以-ing结尾的,貌似现在分词,但这类词在意义和用法上与分词完全不同,不要求有明确的自己的逻辑主语,实际上它们已被看作是介词或连词。

如:Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说,这小孩读得算挺好的。 (considering作介词,就...而论)

I wrote a letter regarding my daughter's school examinations. 我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。(regarding 作介词,= about)

还有一些词也是以-ing结尾的,作插入语其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking一般说来,honestly speaking老实说,strictly speaking 严格的说,judging from 从……判断

Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)

Strictly speaking, you are wrong. 严格地说你错了。

七、-ing分词与-ed分词的区别

学生对-ing与-ed的掌握也常感到有困难。初中老师常强调-ing 修饰事;而-ed修饰人。

如:The film is interesting. The boy is interested in it.

而到了高中,这样理解有时是不够的。 应该强调:-ing 表示令人感到……有主动含义;而-ed表示感到......有被动含义。

The man is frightening. 这人令人感到害怕。(frightening吓人的)

The man is frightened. 这人感到害怕。(frightened被吓)

He is excited so there is an excited look on his face. 他感到激动,所以他脸上有感到激动的神色。(而exciting look 是令别人感到激动的神色)

His surprised look suggested that he knew nothing about it. 他那感到惊讶神色表示他对此事一无所知。(而surprising look是令人感到惊讶的神色)还有voice, tone等也有类似用法:

An excited person speaks in an excited voice. A surprised person speaks in a surprised tone. A frightening person speaks in a frightening tone.

总之,在学习英语过程中,分词学习是不可缺少的。只要树立信心,学好分词也不是一件高不可攀的难事。


 

 

 



那只伸出宫墙之外翻云覆雨的手,已经再也无法收回……
boninjan


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Re: 【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 上午10:50   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


我最讨厌的虚拟语气~~ 也是同学们最头疼的

A.非真实条件句 (if引导);
That is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
B. “建议”、“命令”类从句(should);
……he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
C. Wish等特殊词汇引导的从句。
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.

与现在事实相反的假设
与过去事实相反的假设
表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想

与现在事实相反的假设
 if …did/were …, … should/would/could +do

与过去事实相反的假设
 if …had done …, … would have done …

表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
 if …did/should do/were to do  …, … Should(would,could,might)+ do …
If he were  to go tomorrow, he might tell you. (万一……)

要是我明天见到布什,我就会问他这件事的。
 If I were to meet Bush tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet Bush tomorrow,I should ask him about it.

如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了。
If I had obtained the money last year, I would have bought the house. 
Had I obtained the money last year, I would have bought the house. 

假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。
If there should be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.
Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.

助动词!(不包括行为动词 )
If I were you, I wouldn’t get married so early. (Were I you?)
If I had one billion RMB, I would never get married. (Had I ?)

如果当时气候更适宜一些,如今庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去,主句指现在)
If the weather had been more favorable, (+……would have done……)
If ……did……, the crop would be growing still better.
If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.

假设的情况通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等. 


Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功的。


But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。


He felt very tired yesterday (fact), or /otherwise he would have attended the party.
If he had not felt very tired yesterday, he would have attended the party.
他昨天太累了,否则他就来参加会议了。(也可以理解为错综条件从句)

形式通常为:
…lest (in case, for fear that) + sb + should + do
Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去, in case 句中的 should 通常不省去,
 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。

He took his coat with him in case it should rain.
他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.
我不会做声的,以免打扰你。

I obeyed her lest she should be angry.
我得顺着她,免得她生气。

宾语从句
主语从句
表语从句
同位语从句


表示建议、命令和要求的动词
advise 劝告 , suggest 建议 , propose 提议 
order 命令, request 要求, require 要求, demand要求, command 命令
 insist 坚持, recommend 推荐
intend 打算 move 提议 prefer 宁愿   urge 主张 desire 渴望 direct 命令 ask 要求 determine 决定 decide 决定 


He insisted [that the meeting (should) be put off].
他要求推迟那个会议。
They proposed [that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting].
他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。

特殊动词:insisted & suggest
You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (?)
Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
 I insisted that you (should) make a mistake. (?)
 I insisted that you had made a mistake.

有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。
Somebody suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
He (should) join the club activities was suggested by somebody.
It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.


It is desired that ……,
It is suggested that ……,
It is requested that ……,
It was ordered that ……,
It was recommended that ……,
It was required that ……,
……(should) do……


It is important that ……should do……
It is necessary that ……should do……
It is natural that ……should do……
It is vital that ……should do……
It is essential that ……should do……

appropriate 适当的
advisable 适当的,合理的
better 较好的
desirable 理想的 
imperative 迫切的 
insistent 坚持的   
preferable 优越的,较好的
strange 奇怪的 
urgent 紧迫的

My proposal was (that we(should) hold a meeting next week).
He rejected my suggestion (that we (should)appoint Tom as our monitor).


Wish
表示对过去情况的虚拟
表示对现在情况的虚拟
表示对将来情况的虚拟

Wish
I wish I were as handsome as Andy Lau.
He wished he hadn't said that.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.

It is (high/ about) time … did /should do……
It is time that the boy went to school.
It is high time that certain measures should be taken /were taken.


would rather that  从句
“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语 + did” 表示现在或将来的情况。
“would rather (would sooner) + 主语 + had done”表示过去的情况


would rather that  从句
I’d rather he didn’t go now.
要是他现在不走就好了
I’d rather soon you had been here yesterday.
要是你昨天在这里就好了。

would rather that  从句
As if (可以不用虚拟)
would sooner,
would just as soon,
might as well
would prefer


“if only”引起的感叹句
did 或“would/ could + do”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。
If only Maggie could marry me.
had done表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only I had not been busy last week!


公式化的句子
God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
So be it then! 那就这样吧!
May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. 祝愿我们两国人民的友谊万古青。
May you have a bright future.

 

 



那只伸出宫墙之外翻云覆雨的手,已经再也无法收回……
HL4128

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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午12:35   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


以前我也很讨厌虚拟语气,可是以前上高二特训的时候,water说虚拟是最简单的!其实只要记清楚就很简单了,嘿嘿~

Never Compromise!
racherwang

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Re: 【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午3:25   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan

学习



zhanxiulian


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Re: 【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午4:46   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


学习



梦也许很遥远,但只要努力就有实现的那一天~开心每一天
QQ1979


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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午8:33   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


look

beckyhc


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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午9:35   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


看看~~~

VOA汇总贴:http://bbs.koolearn.com/t_3879187_60.html
leah922


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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午11:07   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


Thank you

appleboyyb


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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-14 下午11:44   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan


哇哈哈! 看看回复后是什么个扭法

Good good study,day day up!--My dream!



我换头像了,以前的格瓦拉退役了!Hoho!!!
angle-mf

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Re...【分享】和同学们分享一下面授班的知识点--~~适合写作 已发布: 2008-8-15 上午1:26   回应: boninjan 回应: boninjan