前言
Ø职称英语等级考试介绍
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分为三个专业类别：综合类，理工类和卫生类。每个专业类别的考试又各分为A，B，C三个等级。三个等级的考试总分都为100分，考试时间均为2小时。
职称英语考试的考题均由6个部分组成，但不同等级的阅读量和阅读难易程度不同。考题的六的部分分别为：词汇选项（第1-15题， 每题1分，共15分）；阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）；概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题， 每题1分，共8分）；阅读理解（第31-45题， 每题3分，共45分）；补全短文（第46-50题， 每题2分，共10分）；完型填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
各个级别的试卷内容，除了综合类外，普通英语和专业英语考试题目各占50%。以综合C为例：
2002年阅读理解考题：A Thirsty World; The Greatest Show on Earth; Supermarket
2003年阅读理解考题：What Makes a Soccer Player Great? New Foods and The New World(2002年版职称英语试题); Up in smoke
比较：理工C级2003年阅读理解考题：Eta Carinae; New foods and the New World; London’s First Light Rail System
Ø职称英语等级考试词汇词汇量要求
申报C级的考生要求掌握4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；这些单词和短语都是在阅读和日常英语中较为常见的词语和短语。如：
2003年C级考题
1. Can you follow the plot?
A. change B. investigate C. write D. understand
D. 考点：考察常用多义词。
Follow: vt, vi（常与after连用）跟随，密切注意，明白
e.g. Sorry, I can not follow your method.
补充：
follow: vt. 听从；服从
e.g. The soldiers must follow the officers orders.士兵们必须执行军官的命令
as follows 如下
e.g. The results are as follows... 结果如下…
2. In short, I am going to live here myself.
A. In other words B. That is to say
C. In a word D. To be frank
C. 解题思路：借助被选项的特点和构成成分的基本含义（short – a owrd）判断答案。
In a word：总之
In other words：换句话说
that is to say：换言之；即是；也就是说
To be frank：adv.坦白地说
职称英语等级考试中所涉及的词汇，短语主要根据考试大纲所附的词汇表，超出大纲的词汇一般都会给出中文注释。
Ø本讲教学目的
对词汇题和完型填空题这两种题型的词汇用法和解题方法的讲解，希望帮助考生复习词汇用法，掌握快速解答这两种题型的思路和技巧。
Ø词汇题
Ø考试出题方向分析
词汇题部分不分专业类别，同级别的职称英语词汇题部分试题相同。词汇选项倾向于对名词，动词，形容词和副词这四种词类的考察，考试中有时也会涉及到介词短语。对跨词类词和词义宽的词的考察也是近年来的出题方向；而通常在词汇题的15道题中会有3-5个题是直接或间接出自当年的职称英语书上的词汇题部分。
Ø例题解析：
词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1．A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firm’s products.
A) invested B) introduced C) installed D) insisted
答案及解析:B. 解题思路：借助画线短语核心词（bring）的基本含义—“带来/引起”，并借助与画线结构相直接相关的结构含义（质量控制系统被。。）判断B是答案。
Invest: vt.（常与in连用）投入（资金，精力，时间等）
e.g. Ive invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. (喻)
我已在这计划中投入了大量的时间和精力
insist: vi, vt（常与on, that连用）主张；坚持, 坚持要求(宾语从句跟虚拟语气结构)
e.g. We insist on / upon self-reliance.
我们坚持自力更生。
e.g. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息
2. Have you talked to her lately?
A)lastly B) shortly
C)recently D)immediately
答案及解析: C。解题思路：抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。根据句子所在时态判断，C最合适。而lastly 是“最后，终于”； shortly是“立刻，不久”； immediately是“立即”。
immediately adv., conj.立即； 即刻
e.g. I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。
Synonyms: at once, directly, promptly, quickly
3. The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.
A) develop B) disappear
C) link D) renew
答案及解析：B。解题思路：借助句意。and的使用表明前后两个分句是在句意上承接的，这样排除A和D（renew = re + new（re表示“再次”），所以可推出renew是“更新”）。 借助句意判断disappear（消失）是答案。
link vt, vi（常与together, to, with连用）连接
e.g. The two towns are linked by a railway. 这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
4. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.
A) beats B)matches
C) maintains D)announces
答案及解析：A。break有多种含义，解题思路：借助划线词和被选项的基本词义。Break是“打破, 违犯, 折断,超过”，而被选项中只有A有“打”的含义，所以判断beat是答案。另外，maintain，announce和match都是常见词，基本含义分别是“保持”，“宣布”和“比得上”。
Maintain: vt. 保养；维修; 主张；为…辩护(hold/think)
e.g. The car has always been properly maintained. 这汽车一直保养得很好。
Match: n. 比赛；竞争(game/contest)
e.g. a football match 足球比赛
5. The government is debating the education laws.
A) discussing B) defeating C) delaying D) declining
答案及解析: A. 解题思路：根据与画线结构搭配的宾语（教育法规）的含义排除B，C和D。
debate: vt, vi讨论，争论;
discuss : vt谈论；讨论；商讨(with sb. )
e.g. I want to discuss your work with you. 我想和你一起讨论你的工作
delay: vt, vi, n. 推迟；延缓
e.g. The letter was delayed three days by the train accident.
这次火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天。
Decline: vt, vi下降；下滑；下倾
6. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.
A) goods B) soil
C) climate D) harvest
答案及解析: D。在该句中yield 是用作名词（因为该词的前面有不定冠词a），解题思路：抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。能与不定冠词a搭配使用的被选项只有C和D（气候，倾向， 风气，如：a mild climate温和的气候）。再借助句子中其他特征词：farm，判断harvest“收成”是答案。
Yield: vt, vi出产, （常与to连用）放弃；投降；让步 n. 产量；收成
e.g. That tree yields fruits. 这种树结果。
e.g. The army yielded when it was attacked.
当这支军队受到进攻时投降了
7. We took shelter from the storm in a department store
A) rescue B) comfort
C) cover D) shade
答案及解析: C。解题思路：句意。
Rescue: vt. 营救；救出
e.g. We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
我们救起了掉进河里的小孩。
Cover: vt（常与with连用）覆盖; 占（时间或空间）(occupy/take up); 行过（路程）；通过; 负担支付; 包括；包含；论及; n. 掩体；隐蔽处; 盖子；罩子;（图书、杂志的）封面e.g. She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。
e.g. The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
e.g. I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
e.g. These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担
e.g. The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程 >>
8. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.
A) get rid of B) set up
C) repair D) paint
答案及解析: A。画线短语是动词短语，对于该短语的语义有两种查找方法：1。利用动词do，直接在字典中查找do away with 这个短语的语义。不难得出该短语的语义是“去掉”，所以A是答案；2。利用该短语中的词义推测：away是“离开”，而备选项中： set up是“建立”， repair是“修理”， paint 是“油漆, 描绘”，都与“离开”无关，所以只有get rid of是答案。
9．During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) permanent B) powerful
C) striking D) practical
答案及解析: C. 解题思路：根据画线词的家族词（drama）的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的含义（变化），判断C是答案。
Striking: adj. 引人注意的；显著的
Dramatic: adj. 戏剧的；有关戏剧的; 引人注目的
完型填空：>>
Ø出题特点：
该部分文章的主题一般涉及社会和文化方面，也有可能会出现主题与自然地理卫生健康或科技相关的文章。文章难度略低于阅读理解部分的文章难度，在该部分有可能出现考试指定书上的文章。完型填空部分的考题倾向于考察词义的辨析，偶而也涉及到固定搭配结构，而对语法的直接考察趋势减少。>>
Ø解题思路：
1．注意利用被选项的特点猜测答案范围，判断解题方向；
1．借助空格两端的搭配结构特点或搭配语意直接判断答案；
2．借助空格所在句子的句意，并参考上下文用词和语意判断答案；
3．借助文章主题/中心确认答案。 >>
完型填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 >>
Migrant workers >>
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. ___1____ some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, __2__ increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to __3___ outsiders to improve local facilities. ___4___ the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the U.S.A. and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, ___5___ South Korea and Japan. >>
In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not __6__ that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least __7___ money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them. >>
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. __8__, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other ___9___ safety and comfort. ___10__, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly __11__ the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions __12__ problems rather than do routine work in their home country. >>
One major problem which __13__ migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. __14__, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the ___15__ financial benefits which they receive.
>>
练习：
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1．>>
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A）As>>
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B）Since>>
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C）While>>
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D）Although>>
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2．>>
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A）which>>
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B）where>>
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C）when>>
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D）there>>
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3．>>
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A）call in>>
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B）call off>>
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C）call up>>
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D）call on>>
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4．>>
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A）But>>
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B）Moreover>>
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C）Besides>>
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D）Thus>>
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5．>>
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A）include>>
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B）includes>>
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C）including>>
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D）included>>
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6．>>
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A）surprised>>
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B）surprisingly>>
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C）surprise>>
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D）surprising>>
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7．>>
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A）twice as much>>
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B）twice as many>>
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C）as much as twice>>
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D）as many as twice>>
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8．>>
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A）Similarly>>
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B）As a result>>
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C）For example>>
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D）Anyway>>
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9．>>
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A）with>>
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B）for>>
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C）about>>
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D）in>>
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10．>>
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A）On the contrary>>
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B）In a similar way>>
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C）On the other hand>>
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D）Consequently>>
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11．>>
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A）because of >>
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B）on>>
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C）because>>
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D）with>>
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12．>>
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A）in>>
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B）about>>
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C）for >>
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D）to>>
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13．>>
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A）effects>>
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B）affects>>
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C）detects>>
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D）reflects>>
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14．>>
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A）In case>>
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B）In all cases>>
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C）In a case>>
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D）In any case>>
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15．>>
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A）considerable>>
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B）considerate>>
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C）considered>>
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D）considering>>
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例题解析：
1．文章标题分析Migrant workers（移民工人）
补充：
immigrant: adj. 移入的，迁入的, 移民的，侨民的 ; n. 移民，侨民
e.g. Immigrants cant work in the United States without a permit.
在美国如果没有许可证,移民就不能工作。
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. （帮助解析文章主题）
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1．>>
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A）As>>
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B）Since>>
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C）While>>
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D）Although>>
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___1____ some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
C. 分析：备选项是连词注意分句之间句意。
补充：
Restrict: vt. vt. 限制于；限定于
e.g. He restricted himself to two cigarettes a day
限制每天吸两枝香烟（香烟仅限每天两根）
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2．>>
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A）which>>
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B）where>>
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C）when>>
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D）there>>
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3．>>
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A）call in>>
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B）call off>>
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C）call up>>
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D）call on>>
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This is particularly the case in the Middle East, __2__ increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to __3___ outsiders to improve local facilities.
B. 分析：备选项是连词注意分句之间句意。
A. 分析：备选项是短语，注意利用组成短语的各成分的基本词义判断短语的含义。
call in v.召集, 召来, 来访
call up v.召唤, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给
call on v.号召, 呼吁, 邀请, 访问
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4．>>
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A）But>>
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B）Moreover>>
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C）Besides>>
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D）Thus>>
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___4___ the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the U.S.A. and Europe.
D. 分析：备选项有连词，有副词时注意分句之间的逻辑关系。
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5．>>
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A）include>>
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B）includes>>
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C）including>>
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D）included>>
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It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, ___5___ South Korea and Japan.
C. 分析：备选项都是同一词时，从语法搭配的角度考察答案选项。
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6．>>
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A）surprised>>
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B）surprisingly>>
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C）surprise>>
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D）surprising>>
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In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not __6__ that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.
D. 分析：备选项都是同一词时，从语法搭配的角度考察答案选项。
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7．>>
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A）twice as much>>
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B）twice as many>>
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C）as much as twice>>
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D）as many as twice>>
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>>
Many engineers and technicians can earn at least __7___ money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.
A．分析：备选项中有修饰可数名词的结构或修饰不可数名词的结构时，注意从可数/不可数的角度选择答案。
表示倍数结构：表示倍数的词（如：twice, triple） + as much/many… as ../是。。的。。倍
比较：
He took double of what the other children did. （double n二倍；加倍）
他所拿的两倍于其他小孩。
This tree is one time taller than that one.
这棵树比那棵树高一倍。 >>
An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them. Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.
Net. adj. 净的；纯的
e.g. net profit 纯利 >>
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8．>>
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A）Similarly>>
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B）As a result>>
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C）For example>>
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D）Anyway>>
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9．>>
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A）with>>
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B）for>>
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C）about>>
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D）in>>
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__8__, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other ___9___ safety and comfort.
C．分析：利用上下句的逻辑关系选择答案。
Anyway adv. 无论如何; 总得; 反正(=anyhow); 到底; 究竟;
E,g. She told me to do the job anyway I wanted.
她告诉我用我喜欢的任何方式做那项工作。
e.g. How old are you anyway?
你到底多大岁数? >>
B．分析：该题考察介词的常见词义。遇到考察介词时，注意借助介词搭配特点和介词的基本含义解题。
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10．>>
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A）On the contrary>>
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B）In a similar way>>
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C）On the other hand>>
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D）Consequently>>
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11．>>
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A）because of >>
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B）on>>
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C）because>>
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D）with>>
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___10__, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly __11__ the lack of entertainment facilities.
B．分析：该题考察上下文逻辑发展。
A．分析：注意利用备选项的特点判断答案方向。因为A和C最有关系，所以重点考察。
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12．>>
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A）in>>
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B）about>>
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C）for >>
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D）to>>
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The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions __12__ problems rather than do routine work in their home country.>>
D．分析：备选项是介词时注意考虑习惯搭配。>>
Prefer vt（常与to连用）更喜欢；宁愿>>
e.g. prefer coffee to tea 喜欢咖啡胜过茶>>
rather: adv. （常与than连用）更>>
e.g. These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. >>
这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。 >>
Comp:. We would rather receive money than the usual gifts.>>
我们宁可接受钱而不希望受到通常的礼物。
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13．>>
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A）effects>>
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B）affects>>
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C）detects>>
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D）reflects>>
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One major problem which __13__ migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. >>
B．分析：注意利用备选项的特点判断答案方向。A和B在词义上相关，所以重点考察。 >>
They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. >>
This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.
>
__14__, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the ___15__ financial benefits which they receive.
D． 分析：该题考察同一单词构成短语的语意。
in any case adv.无论如何
比较：in any event 无论如何
in case 以防；可能；倘若
e.g. Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
in case of 如果；万一
e.g. In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。>
>A. 分析：该题考察与同一单词相关的词汇用法和词义的辨别。
Considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的
Synonyms: great, important, much, significant
(A级词汇)Considerate adj.考虑周到的
Synonyms: kind, sympathetic, thoughtful >
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